Evaluation, Treatment, and Outcomes of Batter's Shoulder.

Purpose Of Review: This article reviews the incidence of batter's shoulder, the relevant biomechanics that predispose the lead shoulder to a posterior instability event, the evaluation and workup of posterior labral injury, the surgical technique for arthroscopic posterior labral repair, the postoperative rehabilitation process, and the clinical outcomes and return to sport after treatment of batter's shoulder.

Recent Findings: New epidemiological studies have demonstrated the relatively low incidence of batter's shoulder at the professional baseball level with 85% of the injured players successfully returning to the sport with nonoperative management. However, recent studies have reinforced the limited historical literature that players requiring surgery are able to return to their prior sport at a high level.

Upper Extremity Injuries in CrossFit Athletes-a Review of the Current Literature.

Purpose Of Review: Cross-discipline fitness, or CrossFit, has exploded in popularity during the last two decades. During this time, there have been a high volume of patients presenting to clinicians with a wide range of associated injuries. Given the high intensity, high repetition, and competitive nature of CrossFit training and competition, athletes are vulnerable to injury, particularly upper extremity injury.

A novel mouse model of hindlimb joint contracture with 3D-printed casts.

Stiff joints formed after trauma, surgery or immobilization are frustrating for surgeons, therapists and patients alike. Unfortunately, the study of contracture is limited by available animal model systems, which focus on the utilization of larger mammals and joint trauma. Here we describe a novel mouse-based model system for the generation of joint contracture using 3D-printed clamshell casts.

Water-Soluble Nanoconjugate for Enhanced Cellular Delivery of Receptor-Targeted Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agents.

ProGlo is an efficient steroid receptor-targeted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast agent (CA). It has been shown to bind to the progesterone receptor (PR) and produce enhanced image contrast in PR-positive cells and tissues and . However, the hydrophobicity of the steroid targeting domain of ProGlo (logP = 1.

Nanodiamond-Gadolinium(III) Aggregates for Tracking Cancer Growth In Vivo at High Field.

The ability to track labeled cancer cells in vivo would allow researchers to study their distribution, growth, and metastatic potential within the intact organism. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is invaluable for tracking cancer cells in vivo as it benefits from high spatial resolution and the absence of ionizing radiation. However, many MR contrast agents (CAs) required to label cells either do not significantly accumulate in cells or are not biologically compatible for translational studies.

Diamond-lipid hybrids enhance chemotherapeutic tolerance and mediate tumor regression.

Self-assembled nanodiamond-lipid hybrid particles (NDLPs) harness the potent interaction between the nanodiamond (ND)-surface and small molecules, while providing a mechanism for cell-targeted imaging and therapy of triple negative breast cancers. Epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted NDLPs are highly biocompatible particles that provide cell-specific imaging, promote tumor retention of ND-complexes, prevent epirubicin toxicities and mediate regression of triple negative breast cancers.

A robust Monte Carlo model for the extraction of biological absorption and scattering in vivo.

We have a toolbox to quantify tissue optical properties that is composed of specialized fiberoptic probes for UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and a fast, scalable inverse Monte Carlo (MC) model. In this paper, we assess the robustness of the toolbox for quantifying physiologically relevant parameters from turbid tissue-like media. In particular, we consider the effects of using different instruments, fiberoptic probes, and instrument-specific settings for a wide range of optical properties.