The feasibility of a behavioral group intervention after weight-loss surgery: A randomized pilot trial.

Background: Formal psychosocial support programs after weight-loss surgery are limited in scope and availability.

Objective: This randomized pilot study evaluated the feasibility of a postoperative behavioral intervention program.

Materials And Methods: Postoperative weight-loss surgery patients (N = 50) were recruited from February 2017-July 2017 and randomized to a four-month behavioral program or usual care wait-list.

Interpersonal Abuse and Long-term Outcomes Following Bariatric Surgery.

Background: History of abuse may impact weight loss (WL) following bariatric surgery. Some investigations have indicated slower WL rates among patients reporting abuse; however, among studies with multiple assessments, significant differences in WL are not evidenced at later measurement. Few investigations have extended follow-up beyond 18 months, limiting understanding of the impact of abuse on weight trajectory over time.

Driving safety: concerns and experiences of parents of adolescent drivers with type 1 diabetes.

Driving is a dangerous activity for adolescents, perhaps being even more precarious for adolescents with type 1 diabetes due to the possibility of extreme blood glucose (BG). There is no available data on adolescent driving safety concerns and type 1 diabetes. To begin addressing this issue, we surveyed parents regarding their observations and concerns.

Prefrontal cortex transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) temporarily reduces food cravings and increases the self-reported ability to resist food in adults with frequent food craving.

This study examined whether a 20-min session of prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) (anode over the right prefrontal cortex and cathode over the left prefrontal cortex) would reduce food cravings and increase the self-reported ability to resist foods in 19 healthy individuals who reported frequent food cravings. Participants viewed computerized images of food and used computerized visual analogue scales to rate food cravings and inability to resist foods before, during, and after receiving either real or sham tDCS. This study employed a randomized within-subject crossover design; participants received both real and sham tDCS and were blind to the condition.

Neurocognitive Differences Between Drivers with Type 1 Diabetes with and without a Recent History of Recurrent Driving Mishaps.

OBJECTIVE: A subset of drivers with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) may be at significant risk of hypoglycemia-related driving collisions and moving vehicle violations due to acute and chronic neurocognitive impairment. The present study compared drivers with T1DM with and without a recent history of multiple driving mishaps on a neurocognitive battery during euglycemia, progressive mild hypoglycemia, and recovery from hypoglycemia, to determine whether neurocognitive measures differentiate the two risk groups. We hypothesized that drivers with a history of multiple recent hypoglycemia-related driving mishaps would demonstrate greater psychomotor slowing, both during hypoglycemia and euglycemia.

Working memory in survivors of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia: functional neuroimaging analyses.

Background: Research on the physical and psychological late effects of treatment of childhood cancer has led to the identification of significant long-term neurocognitive deficits experienced by some survivors, particularly in the areas of memory and executive functioning. Despite indications of deficits based on cognitive assessment, the identification of specific mechanisms of neurocognitive deficits using neuroimaging techniques has yet to be adequately considered.

Procedure: This study used functional neuroimaging techniques to examine working memory and executive functioning deficits of survivors of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), as compared to age- and gender-matched healthy controls.

Executive function, coping, and behavior in survivors of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia.

Objective: To examine the role of executive function in coping and behavioral outcomes in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) survivors.

Methods: We examined associations among several domains of executive function (working memory, behavioral inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and self-monitoring), coping, and emotional/behavioral problems in 30 children and adolescents ages 10- to 20-years old who completed treatment for ALL and 30 healthy controls matched on age and sex.

Results: We found partial support for our hypothesis that performance on executive function measures is associated with strategies used to cope with stress, and emotional and behavioral problems in ALL survivors.

A meta-analysis of the neurocognitive sequelae of treatment for childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia.

Background: Impaired neurocognitive functioning is one increasingly recognized long-term consequence of childhood ALL treatment. However, research findings have been inconsistent regarding the domains affected and the degree to which they are compromised.

Procedure: A comprehensive meta-analytic review of the long-term neurocognitive effects of childhood ALL was conducted.