Publications by authors named "Laura Jimenez Alvarez"
The PD-1/PD-L1 axis is a complex signaling pathway that has an important role in the immune system cells. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) acts as an immune checkpoint on the T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer (NK), macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes, and myeloid cells. Its ligand, the programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD-L1), is expressed in the surface of the antigen-presenting cells (APCs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPancreatic cancer is a type of gastrointestinal tumor with a growing incidence and mortality worldwide. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) constitutes 90% of cases, and late-stage diagnosis is common, leading to a 5-year survival rate of less than 10% in high-income countries. The use of biomarkers has different proven translational applications, facilitating early diagnosis, accurate prognosis and identification of potential therapeutic targets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBreast cancer is a prevalent malignancy in the present day, particularly affecting women as one of the most common forms of cancer. A significant portion of patients initially present with localized disease, for which curative treatments are pursued. Conversely, another substantial segment is diagnosed with metastatic disease, which has a worse prognosis.
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- Pancreatic cancer, particularly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is a deadly cancer often diagnosed late, making treatment and prognosis challenging.* -
- The study explored the prognostic value of RANK and RANKL proteins in relation to survival outcomes of 41 pancreatic cancer patients over 60 months.* -
- It found that higher levels of RANK and RANKL are linked to poorer survival rates, suggesting potential targets for further research on treatment options.*
The RANK-RANKL-OPG system is a complex signaling pathway that plays a critical role in bone metabolism, mammary epithelial cell development, immune function, and cancer. RANKL is a ligand that binds to RANK, a receptor expressed on osteoclasts, dendritic cells, T cells, and other cells. RANKL signaling promotes osteoclast differentiation and activation, which leads to bone resorption.
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- Uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) is a rare and aggressive form of endometrial cancer consisting of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements, primarily affecting older women.
- A clinical case presented involves a 72-year-old woman experiencing severe abdominal pain, fever, and a large uterine tumor, with surgery recommended as the main treatment approach.
- Despite surgery being the preferred treatment, UCS has a generally poor prognosis with low survival rates due to its malignant nature and potential for metastasis.
Article Synopsis
- Pancreatic necrosis infection (PNI) occurs in 20-40% of severe acute pancreatitis cases, often caused by anaerobic bacteria like Clostridium.
- A 60-year-old patient with a history of SARS-CoV-2 developed PNI, leading to pancreatic gas gangrene detected by CT scan, resulting in surgical necrosectomy.
- After surgery and medical treatment, the patient's condition improved, and he was discharged 76 days later; however, there’s a consensus that infections like these require more aggressive treatment due to their high mortality risk.
Article Synopsis
- - The study focused on identifying survival predictors for stage IV colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases, using data from 104 patients diagnosed between 2013 and 2018.
- - Key findings revealed that patients with wild-type KRAS tumors had a significantly higher survival rate (42%) compared to those with mutated KRAS tumors (9%).
- - Variables like KRAS mutation, tumor stage, and treatment approaches showed independent predictive value for survival, but the type of initial treatment (chemotherapy vs. tumor resection) did not significantly affect survival outcomes.
Bone metastases of colorectal cancer (CRC) are uncommon and usually occur in the context of a widespread disease. A 77-year-old woman presented with increasing pain in the right shoulder which had started 5 months earlier. On examination, a hard mass arising from the right scapula was found.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: The variability of the location of the parathyroid glands is directly related to the events that occur during embryonic development. The impact that an individual submits more than four parathyroid glands is close to 13%. However the presentation of a parathyroid adenoma in a supernumerary gland is an uncommon event.
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