E-cigarette Quit Attempts in Emerging Adults: Motivations for Attempts and Predictors of Cessation Barriers.

Introduction: Although young adults use electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) more often than any other demographic group, most are interested in cessation; however, little is known about their cessation experiences. The present study examined characteristics associated with quit attempts, reasons for quitting and resources utilized, and psychological symptoms [i.e.

Need Frustration and E-Cigarette Use and Dependence Among College Students: The Mediating Role of Ruminative Thinking.

: The prevalence and dependence of e-cigarettes have increased among young adult college students in recent years. Though several independent risk factors for e-cigarette use and dependence have been identified, research employing theory-informed models to predict e-cigarette use and dependence is limited. : Using Self Determination Theory (SDT), e-cigarette use and dependence may be understood as stemming from need frustration that impairs autonomy, competence, and relatedness, which increases vulnerability for negative health outcomes, including e-cigarette use.

Differences in alcohol-related variables between individuals who engage in food and alcohol disturbance (FAD) behaviors and those who only use alcohol: The role of FAD motives.

Objective: Food and alcohol disturbance (FAD) is the use of any compensatory behavior (e.g., skipping meals) within the context of a drinking episode.

Who Persists and Who Desists? A Prospective Study of Prescription Stimulant Misuse in College Graduates.

Prescription stimulant misuse (PSM) has been studied extensively in college populations, but few studies have examined how PSM changes after graduation. We used a longitudinal design to follow individuals at risk for PSM two years after college graduation to document PSM prevalence, motives, and predictors of PSM persistence. Participants from two small, private colleges completed online surveys focused on intrapersonal, interpersonal, and sociocultural predictors of PSM.

Emerging Adults' Experiences with E-Cigarette Cessation.

The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is one of the most common substance use behaviors in college students, yet most individuals show some interest in quitting. The current study added to the limited literature on ENDS cessation by examining readiness to quit and the use and perceived efficacy of ENDS cessation methods in a heterogeneous sample of college students. Students 18-24 years in Psychology courses ( = 1563; 73% female) from six US universities completed an online survey between September 2021-April 2022.

Primed for positive perceptions? Applying the acquired preparedness model to explain college students' e-cigarette use and dependence.

Objective: College students use electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) more often than any other US demographic group. In a novel application of the acquired preparedness model, we examined how proximal (e.g.

Sources for prescription stimulant misuse: A person-centered approach to understanding links to substance use and psychiatric impairment.

Prescription stimulant misuse (PSM) is most prevalent among college students and is associated with numerous negative academic and psychosocial outcomes. A large body of literature has identified predictors of PSM in this population, however few studies have utilized a person-centered approach to examine how the sources from which students procure prescription stimulants are associated with substance-related and psychiatric impairment. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to classify a geographically and racially/ethnically diverse sample of U.

Predictors of Prescription Stimulant Misuse in U.S. College Graduates.

Research has shown that prescription stimulant misuse (PSM) is prevalent among college students and that full-time college attendance is associated with PSM following graduation. Few studies, however, have examined predictors of PSM in college graduates. We examined constructs from the Theory of Triadic Influence (TTI) to determine predictors of PSM in this population.

How to say "no" most effectively: Evaluating resistance strategies for prescription stimulant diversion to inform preventive interventions.

We evaluated the perceived effectiveness of resistance strategies students could employ if approached to give away, trade, or sell their prescription stimulant medication, a growing concern on college campuses. We sampled undergraduates ( = 1,521) at three demographically dissimilar institutions between Fall 2017 and Spring 2018. We administered an anonymous, online survey and used linear mixed models to examine the effects of strategy type, face support (ie, adding politeness), and substance use history on perceived strategy effectiveness.

Factors that Differentiate Prescription Stimulant Misusers from those At-Risk for Misuse: Expectancies, Perceived Safety, and Diversion.

Background: The nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS) is one of the most prevalent illicit behaviors on college campuses. While numerous risk factors for NMUPS have been identified, it is unknown how nonusing students who meet several risk factors for NMUPS differ from those who have used, which may inform intervention efforts. We expected that users would evidence greater cognitive enhancement and anxiety/arousal expectancies and intentions to use, and lower guilt/dependence expectancies, perceptions of NMUPS-related harm, and academic self-efficacy.

Pursued for their prescription: Exposure to compliance-gaining strategies predicts stimulant diversion in emerging adults.

Researchers have begun to identify predictors of who will divert their stimulant prescriptions, as most emerging adults (EAs) who use prescription stimulants nonmedically procure these drugs from a friend or acquaintance with a prescription. Far less research has examined how EAs with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are approached for these medications, and their affective and behavioral responses to these requests. We hypothesized that EAs with a stimulant prescription who reported greater exposure to compliance-gaining attempts from peers, particularly rational appeals for academic work, would be more likely to divert, as would EAs who reported lower resistance to peer influence.

Correlates of smoking status among women experiencing intimate partner violence: Substance use, posttraumatic stress, and coping.

Background And Objectives: Smoking prevalence among women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) is two to three times higher than the prevalence among women nationally. Yet, research on cigarette smoking among this population of women is scarce.

Methods: This study examined differences between daily smokers and non-smokers among a sample of 186 IPV-victimized women.

A person-centered approach to understanding negative reinforcement drinking among first year college students.

The current study used a person-centered approach (i.e. latent profile analysis) to identify distinct types of college student drinkers based on the predictions of motivational, social learning, and stress and coping theories of maladaptive drinking.

Prospective analysis of early lapse to drinking and smoking among individuals in concurrent alcohol and tobacco treatment.

The aims of the current study were to examine, prospectively, (a) dynamic changes in affective state, self-efficacy, and urge in the hours before initial smoking and drinking lapses among individuals in concurrent alcohol and smoking treatment, and (b) the extent to which self-efficacy, urge to use, and/or the use of one substance predicted lapse to the other substance. Ninety-six men and women recruited for a clinical trial of concurrent alcohol and tobacco treatment were eligible for inclusion. Only data from those who experienced an initial lapse to drinking (n=29) or smoking (n=32) were included.

Does the inclusion criterion of women's aggression as opposed to their victimization result in samples that differ on key dimensions of intimate partner violence?

This study is among the first attempts to address a frequently articulated, yet unsubstantiated claim that sample inclusion criteria based on women's physical aggression or victimization will yield different distributions of severity and type of partner violence and injury. Independent samples of African American women participated in separate studies based on either inclusion criterion of women's physical aggression or victimization. Between-groups comparisons showed that samples did not differ in physical, sexual, or psychological aggression; physical, sexual, or psychological victimization; inflicted or sustained injury.

Depressive symptoms, drinking consequences, and motivation to change in first time DWI offenders.

Background: Psychological disorders are common among driving-while-intoxicated (DWI) offenders; thus, a DWI arrest may serve as an important opportunity for further screening and subsequent treatment.

Objectives: The current study examined the extent to which mild to moderate pretreatment depressive symptoms, as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), could predict intervention outcomes in 284 first-time DWI offenders.

Methods: Participants were given drinking-related and psychosocial assessments at the beginning and end of a 10-week intervention and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups.

PTSD symptom clusters are differentially related to substance use among community women exposed to intimate partner violence.

Women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV) have higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance abuse compared to women who do not experience IPV. However, the extent to which IPV-related PTSD symptoms are related to women's substance use involvement largely has been unexplored. The current study investigated PTSD symptomatology and substance use in a community sample of 212 IPV-exposed women.