A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials on the Effects of Oats and Oat Processing on Postprandial Blood Glucose and Insulin Responses.

Background: Oats are a whole grain cereal with potentially favorable effects on the postprandial glycemic response; however, the effects of oat processing on these glycemic benefits are not well understood.

Objectives: The study objective was to determine the effects of differently processed oats on the postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses relative to refined grains.

Methods: Eleven electronic databases were systematically searched to identify studies published up to and including May 2019.

Midwife Laborist Model in a Collaborative Community Practice.

Since the introduction of a hospitalist physician model of care by Wachter and Goldman in 1996, important changes have occurred to address the care of hospitalized patients. This model was followed by the introduction of laborist physicians by Louis Weinstein in 2003, although large health maintenance organization practices have used this model since the 1990s. The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists supported the laborist model in a 2016 statement that was reaffirmed in 2017, recommending "the continued development and study of the obstetric and gynecologic hospitalist model as one potential approach to improve patient safety and professional satisfaction across delivery settings.

Nutritional Gaps and Supplementation in the First 1000 Days.

Optimized nutrition during the first 1000 days (from conception through the 2nd birthday) is critical for healthy development and a healthy life for the newborn. Pregnancy and the postpartum period are accompanied by physiological changes, increased energy needs, and changing requirements in the nutrients critical for optimal growth and development. Infants and toddlers also experience physiological changes and have specific nutritional needs.

The effects of whole-grain compared with refined wheat, rice, and rye on the postprandial blood glucose response: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Whole grains are often referred to collectively, despite differences in their composition, physical structure, processing, and potential health benefits.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the postprandial blood glucose response of whole-grain with refined wheat, rice, or rye, while controlling for the food delivery matrix and the processing of the grain (e.g.

Leucine, Not Total Protein, Content of a Supplement Is the Primary Determinant of Muscle Protein Anabolic Responses in Healthy Older Women.

Background: Older adults show a blunted muscle protein synthesis (MPS) response to postprandial hyperaminoacidemia relative to younger adults. Evidence suggests that this anabolic resistance can be overcome by consuming greater quantities of leucine.

Objective: The purpose of this trial was to determine whether the addition of leucine to a smaller dose (10 g) of milk proteins would, when compared with a larger dose (25 g) of whey protein isolate (WPI), result in similar increases in acute (hourly) and integrated (daily) myofibrillar protein synthesis (myoPS).

Consuming Lower-Protein Nutrition Bars with Added Leucine Elicits Postprandial Changes in Appetite Sensations in Healthy Women.

Background: Higher-protein meals (>25 g protein/meal) have been associated with enhanced satiety but the role of amino acids is unclear. Leucine has been proposed to stimulate satiety in rodents but has not been assessed in humans.

Objective: We assessed the acute effects of lower-protein nutrition bars, enhanced with a leucine peptide (LP), on postprandial appetite sensations in combination with plasma leucine and peptide YY (PYY) in healthy women.

Protein leucine content is a determinant of shorter- and longer-term muscle protein synthetic responses at rest and following resistance exercise in healthy older women: a randomized, controlled trial.

Background: Older women may not be consuming enough protein to maintain muscle mass. Augmentation of protein intake with leucine may enhance the muscle protein synthetic response in older women to aid in maintaining muscle mass.

Objective: We measured the acute (hourly) and integrated (daily) myofibrillar protein synthesis (myoPS) response to consumption of a high-quality mixed protein beverage compared with an isonitrogenous protein beverage with added leucine.

Water intake reverses dehydration associated impaired executive function in healthy young women.

Introduction: Healthy women do not always consume Recommended Daily Levels of fluid intake ad libitum. We hypothesized that 1) women lose≥1.0% BW during daily activities, 2) that mild body water loss impairs memory and executive function, 3) water intake to recommended daily levels will improve cognitive function.

Effect of serving size and addition of sugar on the glycemic response elicited by oatmeal: A randomized, cross-over study.

Background & Aims: We aimed to determine the impact of serving size and addition of sucrose on the glycemic response elicited by oatmeal.

Methods: We studied 38 healthy subjects (mean ± SD age 40 ± 12 yr, BMI 26.4 ± 3.

Reformulating cereal bars: high resistant starch reduces in vitro digestibility but not in vivo glucose or insulin response; whey protein reduces glucose but disproportionately increases insulin.

Background: Resistant starch (RS) and whey protein are thought to be effective nutrients for reducing glycemic responses.

Objective: We aimed to determine the effect of varying the sucrose, RS, and whey protein content of cereal bars on glucose and insulin responses.

Design: Twelve healthy subjects [mean ± SD age: 36 ± 12 y; mean ± SD body mass index (in kg/m): 24.

Orange pomace fibre increases a composite scoring of subjective ratings of hunger and fullness in healthy adults.

Dietary fibre has been shown to increase subjective satiating ratings. However data from human trials has produced mixed results, possibly due to different types of fibre which have diverse physicochemical properties and gastrointestinal transit behaviour. The aim of study 1 was to investigate whether orange juice (OJ) with 5.

Addition of Orange Pomace to Orange Juice Attenuates the Increases in Peak Glucose and Insulin Concentrations after Sequential Meal Ingestion in Men with Elevated Cardiometabolic Risk.

Background: Prospective cohort studies show that higher dietary fiber intake is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk, yet the impact on postprandial glucose and insulin responses is unclear.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of orange beverages with differing fiber concentrations on postprandial glycemic responses (secondary outcome measure) after a sequential breakfast and lunch challenge in men with increased cardiometabolic risk.

Methods: Thirty-six men (aged 30-65 y; body mass index 25-30 kg/m(2): fasting triacylglycerol or total cholesterol concentrations: 0.

Flavonoid-rich orange juice is associated with acute improvements in cognitive function in healthy middle-aged males.

Purpose: Epidemiological evidence suggests that chronic consumption of fruit-based flavonoids is associated with cognitive benefits; however, the acute effects of flavonoid-rich (FR) drinks on cognitive function in the immediate postprandial period require examination. The objective was to investigate whether consumption of FR orange juice is associated with acute cognitive benefits over 6 h in healthy middle-aged adults.

Methods: Males aged 30-65 consumed a 240-ml FR orange juice (272 mg) and a calorie-matched placebo in a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced order on 2 days separated by a 2-week washout.

Daily intake of dairy products in Brazil and contributions to nutrient intakes: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Dairy products are sources of protein and micronutrients important in a healthy diet. The purpose of the present analysis was to estimate consumption of dairy products by Brazilians and identify contributions of dairy products to nutrient intakes.

Design: Dairy consumption data were obtained from 24 h dietary records.

Glucose and insulin do not decrease in a dose-dependent manner after increasing doses of mixed fibers that are consumed in muffins for breakfast.

Conventional wisdom suggests that fiber consumption leads to lower postprandial glucose and insulin response. We hypothesized that increasing doses of mixed, viscous fiber would lower glucose and insulin levels in a dose-dependent manner. Healthy men (n = 10) and women (n = 10) with a body mass index of 24 ± 2 (mean ± SEM) participated in this double-blind, crossover study.

Increasing doses of fiber do not influence short-term satiety or food intake and are inconsistently linked to gut hormone levels.

Background: People who eat more fiber often have a lower body weight than people who eat less fiber. The mechanism for this relationship has been explained, in part, by increased satiety, which may occur as a result of changes in appetite-suppressing gut hormone levels, and decreases in food intake at subsequent meals.

Objective: We hypothesized that increasing doses of mixed fiber, consumed in muffins for breakfast, would proportionally influence satiety, gut hormone levels, and subsequent food intake.

Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate: implications for weight status and bone mineral density in the adolescent female.

Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is an effective and easy-to-use contraceptive method for adolescents. However, recent literature suggests that overweight teens may be at increased risk for weight gain while on this contraceptive method, and decreases in bone mineral density have been documented in adolescents on DMPA, particularly with longer duration of use. Consideration of this new literature on DMPA and its implications for clinical practice must be done in the context of the United States having the highest adolescent pregnancy rate in the industrialized world.

Vitamin D deficiency in adolescent females.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in adolescent girls and across racial groups and seasons.

Methods: Healthy postmenarcheal girls (12-18 years of age) were recruited for the study. Serum samples were assayed for 25(OH)D with a competitive protein binding assay (CPB) (Nichols Institute, San Clemente, California).

Decreased bone resorption with soy isoflavone supplementation in postmenopausal women.

Objective: To investigate the effect of soy isoflavone supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD) and markers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women.

Methods: In this randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, we used a crossover design to test the effect of soy isoflavone (110 mg/day) (1.3:1.

Low levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D are associated with elevated parathyroid hormone in healthy adolescent females.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D)] and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in adolescent females residing in a northern climate. Concern regarding vitamin D status in this population is due to limited sunlight exposure in northern latitudes, decreased outdoor recreational activities, as well as decreased conversion in black girls from increased skin pigmentation. In this cross-sectional analysis, serum samples were assayed for 25(OH)D using competitive protein binding (CPB) assay and PTH with immuno-radiometric (RIA) procedures.