Updates on Langerhans cell histiocytosis and other histiocytosis in children: invited review-challenges and novelties in paediatric tumours.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) family lesions, and Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease (RDD) are now classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) under the heading of histiocytic/dendritic cell neoplasms. Each disease may manifest as a focal lesion, as multiple lesions, or as a widespread aggressive systemic disease with visceral organ involvement. Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare systemic disease process of adults with limited cases in children.

Disseminated visceral Kaposi´s sarcoma in a pediatric bilateral lung transplant recipient.

Cancer is a major adverse outcome of solid organ transplantation, and risks are especially high for malignancies caused by viral infections. HHV-8 is the etiologic agent of Kaposi´s sarcoma (KS). We report a case of visceral KS occurring in a 15-year-old patient after lung transplantation.

Aberrant O-glycosylation modulates aggressiveness in neuroblastoma.

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common pediatric malignancy diagnosed before the first birthday in which MYCN oncogene amplification is associated with poor prognosis. Although aberrant glycosylation is an important actor in cell biology, little is known about its role in pediatric cancers such as NB. In this work we characterized the glycophenotype and the enzyme expression involved in glycans biosynthesis in five established human NB cell lines and in patient-derived primary tumors with different MYCN status.