Role of mitochondria in reno-cardiac diseases: A study of bioenergetics, biogenesis, and GSH signaling in disease transition.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are global health burdens with rising prevalence. Their bidirectional relationship with cardiovascular dysfunction, manifesting as cardio-renal syndromes (CRS) types 3 and 4, underscores the interconnectedness and interdependence of these vital organ systems. Both the kidney and the heart are critically reliant on mitochondrial function.

A longitudinal assessment of heat exposure and biomarkers of kidney function on heat shock protein 70 and antibodies among agricultural workers.

Background: Exposure to extreme heat impacts millions of people worldwide and outdoor workers are among the populations most affected by hot temperatures. Heat stress induces several biological responses in humans, including the production of heat shock proteins (HSP) and antibodies against HSP (anti-HSP) which may play a central role in the body's cellular response to a hot environment.

Objective: This longitudinal study investigated the impact of elevated temperatures and humidity on the presence of HSP70 and anti-HSP70 and examined relationships with markers of kidney function in an at-risk workforce under conditions of extreme heat and exertion in Guatemala.

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitors: Cellular Mechanisms Involved in the Lipid Metabolism and the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease Associated with Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial condition that significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent studies have emphasized the role of lipid dysregulation in activating cellular mechanisms that contribute to CKD progression in the context of MetS. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated efficacy in improving various components of MetS, including obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance.

Naringenin - a potential nephroprotective agent for diabetic kidney disease: A comprehensive review of scientific evidence.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, which is a major contributing factor to chronic kidney disease (CKD), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and cardiovascular-related deaths. There are several mechanisms leading to kidney injury, with hyperglycemia well known to stimulate oxidative stress, inflammation, tissue remodeling, and dysfunction in the vascular system and organs. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) decrease the bioavailability of vasodilators while increasing vasoconstrictors, resulting in an imbalance in vascular tone and the development of hypertension.

A longitudinal assessment of heat exposure and biomarkers of kidney function on heat shock protein 70 and antibodies among agricultural workers.

Background: Exposure to extreme heat impacts millions of people worldwide and outdoor workers are among the populations most affected by high temperatures. Heat stress induces several biological responses in humans, including the production of heat shock proteins (HSP) and antibodies against HSP (anti-HSP) which may play a central role in the body's cellular response to a hot environment.

Objective: This longitudinal study investigated the impact of high temperatures and humidity on the presence of HSP70 and anti-HSP70 and examined relationships with markers of kidney function in an at-risk workforce under conditions of extreme heat and exertion in Guatemala.

Sulforaphane protects from kidney damage during the release of unilateral ureteral obstruction (RUUO) by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2): Role of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms.

Releasing unilateral ureteral obstruction (RUUO) is the gold standard for decreasing renal damage induced during unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO); however, the complete recovery after RUUO depends on factors such as the time and severity of obstruction and kidney contralateral compensatory mechanisms. Interestingly, previous studies have shown that kidney damage markers such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis are present and even increase after removal obstruction. To date, previous therapeutic strategies have been used to potentiate the recovery of renal function after RUUO; however, the mechanisms involving renal damage reduction are poorly described and sometimes focus on the recovery of renal functionality.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of allicin in the kidney of an experimental model of metabolic syndrome.

Background: Recent studies have suggested that metabolic syndrome (MS) encompasses a group of risk factors for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). This work aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of allicin in the kidney from an experimental model of MS.

Methods: Male Wistar rats (220-250 g) were used, and three experimental groups ( = 6) were formed: control (C), metabolic syndrome (MS), and MS treated with allicin (16 mg/Kg/day, gastric gavage) (MS+A).

NAC Pre-Administration Prevents Cardiac Mitochondrial Bioenergetics, Dynamics, Biogenesis, and Redox Alteration in Folic Acid-AKI-Induced Cardio-Renal Syndrome Type 3.

The incidence of kidney disease is increasing worldwide. Acute kidney injury (AKI) can strongly favor cardio-renal syndrome (CRS) type 3 development. However, the mechanism involved in CRS development is not entirely understood.

Osthole Prevents Heart Damage Induced by Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome: Role of Fructokinase (KHK).

There is increasing evidence that either ingested or produced fructose may have a role in metabolic syndrome. While not commonly considered a criterion for metabolic syndrome, cardiac hypertrophy is often associated with metabolic syndrome, and its presence carries increased cardiovascular risk. Recently it has been shown that fructose and fructokinase C (KHK) can be induced in cardiac tissue.

HSP70 and Primary Arterial Hypertension.

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) production is a stress-generated cellular response with high interspecies homology. HSP70 has both chaperone and cytokine functions and may induce, depending on the context, tolerogenic anti-inflammatory reactivity or immunogenic and autoimmune reactivity. Intracellular (chaperoning transit of antigens to MHC in antigen-presenting cells) and extracellular HSP70-related effects are associated with hypertension, which is an inflammatory condition recognized as the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease mortality.

Erythrose inhibits the progression to invasiveness and reverts drug resistance of cancer stem cells of glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent brain cancer and more lethal than other cancers. Characteristics of this cancer are its high drug resistance, high recurrence rate and invasiveness. Invasiveness in GBM is related to overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) which are mediated by wnt/β-catenin and induced by the activation of signaling pathways extracellularly activated by the cytokine neuroleukin (NLK) in cancer stem cells (CSC).

Therapeutic Effect of Curcumin on 5/6Nx Hypertriglyceridemia: Association with the Improvement of Renal Mitochondrial β-Oxidation and Lipid Metabolism in Kidney and Liver.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence is constantly increasing, and dyslipidemia in this disease is characteristic, favoring cardiovascular events. However, the mechanisms of CKD dyslipidemia are not fully understood. The use of curcumin (CUR) in CKD models such as 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) has shown multiple beneficial effects, so it has been proposed to correct dyslipidemia without side effects.

Expression Profiles of Kidney Mitochondrial Proteome during the Progression of the Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction: Focus on Energy Metabolism Adaptions.

Kidney diseases encompass many pathologies, including obstructive nephropathy (ON), a common clinical condition caused by different etiologies such as urolithiasis, prostatic hyperplasia in males, tumors, congenital stenosis, and others. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in rodents is an experimental model widely used to explore the pathophysiology of ON, replicating vascular alterations, tubular atrophy, inflammation, and fibrosis development. In addition, due to the kidney's high energetic demand, mitochondrial function has gained great attention, as morphological and functional alterations have been demonstrated in kidney diseases.

Sulforaphane Protects against Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction-Induced Renal Damage in Rats by Alleviating Mitochondrial and Lipid Metabolism Impairment.

Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is an animal rodent model that allows the study of obstructive nephropathy in an accelerated manner. During UUO, tubular damage is induced, and alterations such as oxidative stress, inflammation, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial impairment favor fibrosis development, leading to chronic kidney disease progression. Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate derived from green cruciferous vegetables, might improve mitochondrial functions and lipid metabolism; however, its role in UUO has been poorly explored.

Current Hydration Habits: The Disregarded Factor for the Development of Renal and Cardiometabolic Diseases.

Improper hydration habits are commonly disregarded as a risk factor for the development of chronic diseases. Consuming an intake of water below recommendations (underhydration) in addition to the substitution of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) for water are habits deeply ingrained in several countries. This behavior is due to voluntary and involuntary dehydration; and because young children are exposed to SSB, the preference for a sweet taste is profoundly implanted in the brain.

Extracellular Vesicles in Redox Signaling and Metabolic Regulation in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a world health problem increasing dramatically. The onset of CKD is driven by several mechanisms; among them, metabolic reprogramming and changes in redox signaling play critical roles in the advancement of inflammation and the subsequent fibrosis, common pathologies observed in all forms of CKD. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane packages strongly associated with cell-cell communication since they transfer several biomolecules that serve as mediators in redox signaling and metabolic reprogramming in the recipient cells.

A ketogenic diet attenuates acute and chronic ischemic kidney injury and reduces markers of oxidative stress and inflammation.

Background: Ischemic kidney injury is a common clinical condition resulting from transient interruption of the kidney's normal blood flow, leading to oxidative stress, inflammation, and kidney dysfunction. The ketogenic diet (KD), a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet that stimulates endogenous ketone body production, has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in distinct tissues and might thus protect the kidney against ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury.

Main Methods: Male Wistar rats were fed a KD or a control diet (CD) for three days before analyzing metabolic parameters or testing nephroprotection.

Mini Review: Reappraisal of Uric Acid in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Hyperuricemia predicts the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and metabolic complications, but whether it has a causal role has been controversial. This is especially true given the 2 recently conducted randomized controlled trials that failed to show a benefit of lowering uric acid in type 1 diabetes-associated CKD and subjects with stage 3-4 CKD. While these studies suggest that use of urate-lowering drugs in unselected patients is unlikely to slow the progression of CKD, there are subsets of subjects with CKD where reducing uric acid synthesis may be beneficial.

Umami-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome is mediated by nucleotide degradation and uric acid generation.

Umami refers to the savoury taste that is mediated by monosodium glutamate (MSG) and enhanced by inosine monophosphate and other nucleotides. Umami foods have been suggested to increase the risk for obesity and metabolic syndrome but the mechanism is not understood. Here we show that MSG induces obesity, hypothalamic inflammation and central leptin resistance in male mice through the induction of AMP deaminase 2 and purine degradation.

The Speed of Ingestion of a Sugary Beverage Has an Effect on the Acute Metabolic Response to Fructose.

Background: The consumption of sweetened beverages is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: We hypothesized that the metabolic effects of fructose in sugary beverages might be modulated by the speed of ingestion in addition to the overall amount.

Design: Thirty healthy subjects free of any disease and medication were recruited into two groups.

Temporal characterization of mitochondrial impairment in the unilateral ureteral obstruction model in rats.

Renal fibrosis is a well-known mechanism that favors chronic kidney disease (CKD) development in obstructive nephropathy, a significant pathology worldwide. Fibrosis induction involves several pathways, and although mitochondrial alterations have recently emerged as a critical factor that triggers renal damage in the obstructed kidney, the temporal mitochondrial alterations during the fibrotic induction remain unexplored. Therefore, in this work, we evaluated the time course of mitochondrial mass and bioenergetics alterations induced by a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), a widely used model to study the mechanism involved in kidney fibrosis induction and progression.

High fructose exposure modifies the amount of adipocyte-secreted microRNAs into extracellular vesicles in supernatants and plasma.

Background: High fructose exposure induces metabolic and endocrine responses in adipose tissue. Recent evidence suggests that microRNAs in extracellular vesicles are endocrine signals secreted by adipocytes. Fructose exposure on the secretion of microRNA by tissues and cells is poorly studied.