The Interplay between and Gut Microbiota in Non-Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Special Focus on Atherosclerosis.

The discovery of Helicobacter pylori () in the early 1980s by Nobel Prize winners in medicine Robin Warren and Barry Marshall led to a revolution in physiopathology and consequently in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Subsequently, has also been linked to non-gastrointestinal diseases, such as autoimmune thrombocytopenia, acne rosacea, and Raynaud's syndrome. In addition, several studies have shown an association with cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis.

The role of SARS-COV-2 infection in promoting abnormal immune response and sepsis: A comparison between SARS-COV-2-related sepsis and sepsis from other causes.

Background: COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus is characterized by respiratory compromise and immune system involvement, even leading to serious disorders, such as cytokine storm.

Methods: We then conducted a literature review on the topic of sepsis and covid-19, and in parallel conducted an experimental study on the histological finding of patients who died from SARS-Covid 19 infection and a control group.

Results: Sepsis associated with covid-19 infection has some similarities and differences from that from other causes.

Gut-Kidney-Heart: A Novel Trilogy.

The microbiota represents a key factor in determining health and disease. Its role in inflammation and immunological disorders is well known, but it is also involved in several complex conditions, ranging from neurological to psychiatric, from gastrointestinal to cardiovascular diseases. It has recently been hypothesized that the gut microbiota may act as an intermediary in the close interaction between kidneys and the cardiovascular system, leading to the conceptualization of the "gut-kidney-heart" axis.

Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination on the In-Hospital Prognosis of Patients Admitted during Delta and Omicron Waves in Italy.

All-cause mortality related to the SARS-CoV-2 infection has declined from the first wave to subsequent waves, probably through vaccination programs and the availability of effective antiviral therapies. Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on the prognosis of infected patients. Overall, we enrolled 545 subjects during the Delta variant wave and 276 ones during the Omicron variant wave.

Current Evidence on Vaccinations in Pediatric and Adult Patients with Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases.

Systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAIDs) are defined by recurrent febrile attacks associated with protean manifestations involving joints, the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and the central nervous system, combined with elevated inflammatory markers, and are caused by a dysregulation of the innate immune system. From a clinical standpoint, the most known SAIDs are familial Mediterranean fever (FMF); cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS); mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD); and periodic fever, aphthosis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome. Current guidelines recommend the regular sequential administration of vaccines for all individuals with SAIDs.

Healthcare associated infections in gynecologic oncology: clinical and economic impact.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the rate and type of infections in gynecological cancer patients. We also performed an economic analysis to provide an overview of costs related to healthcare associated infections.

Methods: We retrospectively collected data from culture samples at the site of infection from patients undergoing surgery or chemotherapy, admitted to the Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, from January 2017 to December 2018.

Risk Factors Associated with Post-Operative Complications in Multidisciplinary Treatment of Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis.

Background: Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a severe, life-threatening complication of oropharyngeal infections with cervical necrotizing fasciitis. In this study, we aimed to identify any possible factors that correlate with favorable outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed our series of 18 patients who underwent surgical treatment for DNM from a cervical abscess.

The Role of Gut Microbiota in Heart Failure: When Friends Become Enemies.

Heart failure is a complex health issue, with important consequences on the overall wellbeing of patients. It can occur both in acute and chronic forms and, in the latter, the immune system appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In particular, in the forms with preserved ejection fraction or with only mildly reduced ejection fraction, some specific associations with chronic inflammatory diseases have been observed.

Delirium in Head Trauma: Looking for a Culprit.

Head trauma and delirium are two common conditions in the elderly population. They both carry a heavy burden in terms of mortality and morbidity and are associated with one another through several environmental and clinical factors, such as comorbidities, age, and sex. One factor that may play a role in both these conditions is inflammation, which might also represent a link between them.

Use of POCUS in Chest Pain and Dyspnea in Emergency Department: What Role Could It Have?

Chest pain and dyspnea are common symptoms in patients presenting to the emergency room (ER); oftentimes it is not possible to clearly identify the underlying cause, which may cause the patient to have to return to the ER. In other cases, while it is possible to identify the underlying cause, it is necessary to perform a large number of tests before being able to make a diagnosis. Over the last twenty years, emergency medicine physicians have had the possibility of using ultrasound to help them make and rule out diagnoses.

Recent Advances in Vaccine Technology and Design.

If up until three years ago, infectious diseases were a lesser concern when compared to non-communicable diseases in Western countries, the ongoing pandemic has reminded us that things are not so clean-cut [...

Vaccines, Microbiota and Immunonutrition: Food for Thought.

Vaccines are among the most effective health measures and have contributed to eradicating some diseases. Despite being very effective, response rates are low in some individuals. Different factors have been proposed to explain why some people are not as responsive as others, but what appears to be of critical importance is the presence of a healthy functioning immune system.

Liver Injury in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19: Possible Role of Therapy.

Patients with COVID-19 show a high prevalence of liver injury. The pattern of this liver damage is still not fully understood. Different etiopathogenetic factors may concur; from a direct cytopathic effect, once the virus binds to the ACE-2 receptors, to the immune-mediated collateral damage, due to cytokine storm.

The Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota, Intestinal Immunological Niche and Visceral Adipose Tissue as a New Model for the Pathogenesis of Metabolic and Inflammatory Diseases: The Paradigm of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Gut microbiota (GM) comprises more than one thousand microorganisms between bacterial species, viruses, fungi, and protozoa and represents the main actor of a wide net of molecular interactions, involving, among others, the endocrine system, immune responses, and metabolism. GM influences many endocrine functions, such as adrenal steroidogenesis, thyroid function, sexual hormones, IGF-1 pathway and peptides, produced in the gastrointestinal system. It is fundamental in glycaemic control and obesity, while also exerting an important function in modulating the immune system and associated inflammatory disease.

Characteristics of patients with cancer in European long-term care facilities.

Purpose: Up to 26% of residents in nursing homes (NHs) are affected by cancer. Their care represents a challenge, because NHs are not usually considered a setting focused on oncologic management and care. The aim of this paper is to describe socio-demographic and clinical features of patients with cancer residing in European NHs.

Microbiota and Myopericarditis: The New Frontier in the Car-Diological Field to Prevent or Treat Inflammatory Cardiomyo-Pathies in COVID-19 Outbreak.

Myopericarditis is an inflammatory heart condition involving the pericardium and myocardium. It can lead to heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia and sudden death. Its pathogenesis is mainly mediated by viral infections but also can be induced by bacterial infections, toxic substances and immune mediated disorders.

Microbiota and Probiotics: The Role of Limosilactobacillus Reuteri in Diverticulitis.

The microbiota is the set of commensal microorganisms, residing in the organism, helping proper functioning of organs and systems. The role that the microbiota plays in maintaining the health of vertebrates is widely accepted, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, where it is fundamental for immunity, development, and conversion of nutrients. Dysbiosis is an alteration of the microbiota which refers to a disturbed balance, which can cause a number of pathologies.

Pollution, Inflammation, and Vaccines: A Complex Crosstalk.

The importance of pollution in determining human health is becoming increasingly clear, also given the dramatic consequences it has had on recent geopolitical events. Yet, the consequences of contamination are not always straightforward. In this paper, we will discuss the effects of different pollutants on different aspects of human health, in particular on the immune system and inflammation.

Interaction between Lipopolysaccharide and Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are bacterial surface glycolipids, produced by Gram-negative bacteria. LPS is known to determine acute inflammatory reactions, particularly in the context of sepsis. However, LPS can also trigger chronic inflammation.

Gut Microbiota and Acute Diverticulitis: Role of Probiotics in Management of This Delicate Pathophysiological Balance.

How can the knowledge of probiotics and their mechanisms of action be translated into clinical practice when treating patients with diverticular disease and acute diverticulitis? Changes in microbiota composition have been observed in patients who were developing acute diverticulitis, with a reduction of taxa with anti-inflammatory activity, such as Clostridium cluster IV, Lactobacilli and Bacteroides. Recent observations supported that a dysbiosis characterised by decreased presence of anti-inflammatory bacterial species might be linked to mucosal inflammation, and a vicious cycle results from a mucosal inflammation driving dysbiosis at the same time. An alteration in gut microbiota can lead to an altered activation of nerve fibres, and subsequent neuronal and muscular dysfunction, thus favoring abdominal symptoms' development.

Luteolin, inflammation and cancer: Special emphasis on gut microbiota.

Luteolin belongs to the family of flavonoids, which have anti-inflammatory functions, potentially useful in a clinical context, particularly for patients suffering from cancer, neuropsychiatric disorders, inflammatory bowel conditions. This peculiarity has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine, for many different diseases. Its anti-inflammatory effects might be particularly relevant in cancer, with some studies reporting anti-angiogenesis, anti-metastatic, and apoptotic effects on cancer cells by luteolin and other flavonoids.

Genomic Medicine and Advances in Vaccine Technology and Development in the Developing and Developed World.

Vaccinations are one of the most effective public health measures available at present [...