Associations between iron status and psychosocial wellbeing among pregnant women in Cape Coast, Ghana: a longitudinal study.

Objective: To determine the associations among iron status, depressive/anxiety symptoms, and quality of life (QoL) throughout pregnancy.

Design: This longitudinal study recruited participants in their 1 trimester (< 13 weeks; n=116) and followed in their 2 (n=71) and 3 (n=71) trimesters. Sociodemographic, food security, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and QoL questions were collected.

Contribution of Food from Market Purchases and Home Production to Child Nutrient Intake: Evidence from the EFFECTS Study Baseline Data.

Background: Child undernutrition is prevalent in Tanzania, and households rely primarily on local markets and home production as food sources. However, little is known about the contribution of food market purchases to nutrient intakes among children consuming complementary foods.

Objectives: To quantify the relationships between diversity of foods purchased and produced by households and adequate child nutrient intake in Mara, Tanzania.

Albumin is an important factor in the control of serum free fatty acid flux in both male and female mice.

Albumin knockout (Alb) mice exhibit a low plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration, but it was not known if the suppressed concentration reflects a lower rate of appearance (Ra) of FFA in the circulation (i.e., lower FFA flux) or if the absence of albumin alters the relationship between FFA flux and concentration.

A Comparative Analysis of Maternal Nutrition Decision-Making Autonomy During Pregnancy-An Application of the Food Choice Process Model in Burkina Faso and Madagascar.

Background: Adequate nutrition has been cited as one of the most critical components for optimal health outcomes during pregnancy. Women in Burkina Faso and Madagascar experience high rates of undernutrition due to lack of knowledge, finances, cultural norms, and autonomy. Therefore, this study aimed (1) to describe typical maternal diets during pregnancy in Burkina Faso and Madagascar, (2) to understand the multilevel factors that influence women's nutrition decision-making, and (3) to explore the extent to which women have nutrition decision-making autonomy during pregnancy.

Iron Deficiency is Related to Depressive Symptoms in United States Nonpregnant Women of Reproductive Age: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of NHANES 2005-2010.

Background: Findings of the association between iron status and depressive symptoms in nonpregnant women of reproductive age (WRA) are equivocal, limited by a small sample size, or did not consistently control for confounders.

Objective: We tested the association between iron status and depressive symptoms in WRA with the NHANES data (2005-2010).

Methods: Nonpregnant WRA (20-44 y) with complete data on iron (ferritin and transferrin receptor (TfR)) and anemia (hemoglobin) biomarkers, depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and sociodemographic variables were included.

Iron status, development, and behavior in young children in the Pennsylvania foster care system.

Background: Children in foster care are classified as a highly vulnerable population and struggle with both physical and mental health problems. Medical conditions, like poor nutritional status, remain understudied in children in foster care. To our knowledge, few studies in children in U.

Adequacy of Iodine Status and Associations with Gut Health: A Prospective Cohort Study among Infants in 8 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Background: Environmental enteric dysfunction increases the likelihood of micronutrient deficiencies among infants, but few studies have assessed the potential impact of gut health on urinary iodine concentration (UIC) among this vulnerable group.

Objectives: We describe the trends of iodine status among infants from 6 to 24 mo old and examine the associations between intestinal permeability, inflammation, and UIC from 6 to 15 mo of age.

Methods: Data from 1557 children enrolled in this birth cohort study conducted in 8 sites were included in these analyses.

Evaluation of Income and Food Insecurity as Risk Factors for Failure to Thrive: An Analysis of National Survey Data.

Limited data exist regarding the relationship between socioeconomic risk factors and failure to thrive (FTT). Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from years 1999 to 2014, we sought to determine whether there was a higher prevalence of underweight (<5th percentile weight-for-age [WFA], weight-for-length [WFL], or body mass index-for-age [BFA]), and, therefore, likely a higher risk of FTT, in US children <3 years with low household income or food insecurity compared with children without these factors. Among 7356 evaluated children, there were no significant differences in the prevalence of underweight by adjusted household income quintile, food security, household Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) status, or federal poverty income ratio.

Promising trends and influencing factors of complementary feeding practices in Côte d'Ivoire: An analysis of nationally representative survey data between 1994 and 2016.

Poor complementary feeding (CF) challenges early childhood growth. We examined the trends and influencing factors of CF practices among children aged 6-23 months in Côte d'Ivoire. Using data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS, 1994-2011) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS, 2000-2016), the trends and predictors of World Health Organization-United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund CF indicators including the timely introduction of complementary foods (INTRO), minimum meal frequency (MMF), minimum dietary diversity (MDD) and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) were determined.

Modeling relationships between iron status, behavior, and brain electrophysiology: evidence from a randomized study involving a biofortified grain in Indian adolescents.

Background: Iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are highly-prevalent nutrient deficiencies and have been shown to have a range of negative effects on cognition and brain function. Human intervention studies including measures at three levels-blood, brain, and behavior-are rare and our objective was to model the relationships among measures at these three levels in school-going Indian adolescents.

Methods: Male and female adolescents in rural India were screened for ID/IDA.

Food Insecurity and Mental Well-Being in Immigrants: A Global Analysis.

Introduction: This study estimates the prevalence of food insecurity, mental well-being, and their associations among immigrants and compares the food insecurity-mental well-being associations with nonimmigrants globally and by region.

Methods: The Gallup World Poll data from 2014 to 2019 were analyzed in 2021. A total of 36,313 immigrants and 705,913 nonimmigrants were included.

High levels of depressive symptoms and low quality of life are reported during pregnancy in Cape Coast, Ghana; a longitudinal study.

Background: Significant rates of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and low quality of life (QoL) have been found among pregnant women in developed countries. These psychosocial disturbances have not been adequately assessed during pregnancy in many developing countries.

Methods: Women were recruited in their first trimester of pregnancy (< 13 weeks; n = 116) and followed through to their 2 (n = 71) and 3 (n = 71) trimesters.

Menstrual Cycle-Associated Changes in Micronutrient Biomarkers Concentration: A Prospective Cohort Study.

To evaluate variations in micronutrient biomarker concentrations and deficiencies across the menstrual cycle in a cohort of healthy women. This prospective cohort study was conducted among healthy women of reproductive age living in the State College area, Pennsylvania, ( = 45). Data collection occurred at the early follicular phase, the late follicular phase, and the midluteal phase.

Daily food insecurity is associated with diet quality, but not energy intake, in winter and during COVID-19, among low-income adults.

Background: Food insecurity (FI) is a dynamic phenomenon. Experiences of daily FI may impact dietary outcomes differently within a given month, across seasons, and before or during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate the association of short-term FI with dietary quality and energy 1) over six weeks in two seasonal months and 2) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Full breastfeeding protection against common enteric bacteria and viruses: results from the MAL-ED cohort study.

Background: Breastfeeding is known to reduce the risk of enteropathogen infections, but protection from specific enteropathogens is not well characterized.

Objective: The aim was to estimate the association between full breastfeeding (days fed breast milk exclusively or with nonnutritive liquids) and enteropathogen detection.

Methods: A total of 2145 newborns were enrolled at 8 sites, of whom 1712 had breastfeeding and key enteropathogen data through 6 mo.

Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection Burden and Epidemiologic Risk Factors in Countries With Universal Screening: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is the most common congenital infection and the leading acquired cause of developmental disabilities and sensorineural deafness, yet a reliable assessment of the infection burden is lacking.

Objectives: To estimate the birth prevalence of cCMV in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs), characterize the rate by screening methods, and delineate associated risk factors of the infection.

Data Sources: MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews databases were searched from January 1, 1960, to March 1, 2021, and a total of 1322 studies were identified.

Influences on catch-up growth using relative versus absolute metrics: evidence from the MAL-ED cohort study.

Background: Poor growth in early childhood has been considered irreversible after 2-3 years of age and has been associated with morbidity and mortality over the short-term and with poor economic and cognitive outcomes over the long-term. The MAL-ED cohort study was performed in eight low-income settings with the goal of evaluating relationships between the child's environment and experience (dietary, illness, and pathogen exposure, among others) and their growth and development. The goal of this analysis is to determine whether there are differences in the factors associated with growth from 24 to 60 months using two different metrics.

The prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency among pregnant Ghanaian women, a longitudinal study.

Background: Gestational iron deficiency (ID) can be deleterious to mother and fetus. However, iron status is not routinely measured during pregnancy in Ghana. Therefore, the scope of ID in this population is unknown.

Anemia and insomnia: a cross-sectional study and meta-analysis.

Background: Several recent genome-wide association studies suggested insomnia and anemia may share some common genetic components. We thus examined whether adults with anemia had higher odds of having insomnia relative to those without anemia in a cross-sectional study and a meta-analysis.

Methods: Included in this cross-sectional study were 12,614 Chinese adults who participated in an ongoing cohort, the Kailuan Study.

Characteristics associated with the transition to partial breastfeeding prior to 6 months of age: Data from seven sites in a birth cohort study.

The WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life. However, the transition of the infants' diet to partial breastfeeding with the addition of animal milks and/or solids typically occurs earlier than this. Here, we explored factors associated with the timing of an early transition to partial breastfeeding across seven sites of a birth cohort study in which twice weekly information on infant feeding practices was collected.

Early Life Experiences and Trajectories of Cognitive Development.

Background: Multiple factors constrain the trajectories of child cognitive development, but the drivers that differentiate the trajectories are unknown. We examine how multiple early life experiences differentiate patterns of cognitive development over the first 5 years of life in low-and middle-income settings.

Methods: Cognitive development of 835 children from the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) multisite observational cohort study was assessed at 6, 15, 24 (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development), and 60 months (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence).

Net benefit and cost-effectiveness of universal iron-containing multiple micronutrient powders for young children in 78 countries: a microsimulation study.

Background: Universal home fortification of complementary foods with iron-containing multiple micronutrient powders (MNPs) is a key intervention to prevent anaemia in young children in low-income and middle-income countries. However, evidence that MNPs might promote infection raises uncertainty about whether MNPs give net health benefits and are cost-effective. We aimed to determined country-specific net benefit or harm and cost-effectiveness of universal provision of MNPs to children aged 6 months.

Correction: Impact of early-onset persistent stunting on cognitive development at 5 years of age: Results from a multi-country cohort study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.