Multivariate Models to Diagnose Early Referral-Warranted Retinopathy of Prematurity With Handheld Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to create multivariate models predicting early referral-warranted retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) using non-contact handheld spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and demographic data.

Methods: Between July 2015 and February 2018, infants ≤1500 grams birth weight or ≤30 weeks gestational age from 2 academic neonatal intensive care units were eligible for this study. Infants were excluded if they were too unstable to participate in ophthalmologic examination (2), had inadequate image quality (20), or received prior ROP treatment (2).

Dome-shaped macula in premature infants visualized by handheld spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To describe dome-shaped macula and associated clinical findings in premature infants.

Methods: This prospective, observational cohort study included a consecutive sample of premature infants screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) with 9-month follow-up. Handheld spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was performed at the time of ROP screening.

Vitreous Findings by Handheld Spectral-Domain OCT Correlate with Retinopathy of Prematurity Severity.

Purpose: To evaluate the association between retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and vitreous findings in premature infants detected by handheld spectral-domain (SD) OCT.

Design: Prospective, observational cohort study.

Participants: Consecutive sample of 92 premature infants requiring ROP screening at 2 academic neonatal intensive care units between July 2015 and March 2018.

Trophic cascades induced by lobster fishing are not ubiquitous in southern California kelp forests.

Fishing can trigger trophic cascades that alter community structure and dynamics and thus modify ecosystem attributes. We combined ecological data of sea urchin and macroalgal abundance with fishery data of spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus) landings to evaluate whether: (1) patterns in the abundance and biomass among lobster (predator), sea urchins (grazer), and macroalgae (primary producer) in giant kelp forest communities indicated the presence of top-down control on urchins and macroalgae, and (2) lobster fishing triggers a trophic cascade leading to increased sea urchin densities and decreased macroalgal biomass. Eight years of data from eight rocky subtidal reefs known to support giant kelp forests near Santa Barbara, CA, USA, were analyzed in three-tiered least-squares regression models to evaluate the relationships between: (1) lobster abundance and sea urchin density, and (2) sea urchin density and macroalgal biomass.