GT-00AxIL15, a Novel Tumor-Targeted IL-15-Based Immunocytokine for the Treatment of TA-MUC1-Positive Solid Tumors: Preclinical In Vitro and In Vivo Pharmacodynamics and Biodistribution Studies.

GT-00AxIL15 is a novel interleukin-15-based immunocytokine targeting a tumor-specific, glycosylated epitope of MUC1 (TA-MUC1). We characterized mode of action, pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties and investigated the relevance of TA-MUC1 binding for the concept of delivering IL-15 to solid tumors. In vitro pharmacology was analyzed in binding and cell-based assays.

Role of patent ductus arteriosus in preterms in long-term outcome.

Objective: This study aimed to determine long-term neurodevelopmental outcome and cerebral oxygenation in extremely preterm infants, comparing those with a hemodynamic significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) to those without.

Study Design: We included infants born before 28 weeks of gestation from 2008 to 2010 with routine echocardiography. Prior to echocardiography, regional cerebral oxygen saturation was measured.

[Invasive group A streptococcal infections in the Netherlands].

Group A streptococcal (GAS) infections are caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes. Infection can occur via droplet infection from the throat and via (in)direct contact with infected people. GAS can cause a wide variety of diseases, ranging from superficial skin infections, pharyngitis and scarlet fever, to serious invasive diseases such as puerperal sepsis, pneumonia, necrotising soft tissue infections (NSTI) (also known as necrotising fasciitis/myositis), meningitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS).

Provision of cervical screening for transmasculine patients: a review of clinical and programmatic guidelines.

Background: Most cervical cancer can be prevented through routine screening. Disparities in uptake of routine screening therefore translate into disparities in cervical cancer incidence and outcomes. Transmasculine people including transgender men experience multiple barriers to cervical screening and their uptake of screening is low compared with cisgender women.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa left ventricular assist device (LVAD) driveline infection acquired from the bathroom at home.

We describe a patient with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa acquired at home. The Pseudomonas from the driveline was similar to several surface cultures of the patient's home shower. This case illustrates the potential and importance of infection prevention measures at home.

The Cerebral Hemodynamic Response to Pain in Preterm Infants With Fetal Growth Restriction.

Preterm infants undergoing intensive care often experience painful procedures such as heel lance for blood sampling. Knowledge of the cerebral hemodynamic response to painful stimuli contributes to understanding of cortical pain processing and the neurovascular network in the preterm brain. Previous research has demonstrated cerebral hemodynamic responses using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) after noxious stimuli in infants appropriately grown for age (AGA).

Effects of caffeine on the preterm brain: An observational study.

Background And Aim: Caffeine improves neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants. This study analyses the effects of caffeine on the neonatal brain. We hypothesized that caffeine has a neuroprotective effect through an increase in oxygen metabolism; reflected by increased cerebral oxygen extraction, electrical function, and perfusion.

Corrigendum: Monitoring Cerebral Oxygenation in Neonates: An Update.

[This corrects the article on p. 46 in vol. 5, PMID: 28352624.

Carbon Dioxide Fluctuations Are Associated with Changes in Cerebral Oxygenation and Electrical Activity in Infants Born Preterm.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of acute arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure changes on cerebral oxygenation and electrical activity in infants born preterm.

Study Design: This retrospective observational study included ventilated infants born preterm with acute fluctuations of continuous end-tidal CO (etCO) as a surrogate marker for arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure, during the first 72 hours of life. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation and fractional tissue oxygen extraction were monitored with near-infrared spectroscopy.

Monitoring Cerebral Oxygenation in Neonates: An Update.

Cerebral oxygenation is not always reflected by systemic arterial oxygenation. Therefore, regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO) monitoring with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is of added value in neonatal intensive care. rScO represents oxygen supply to the brain, while cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction, which is the ratio between rScO and systemic arterial oxygen saturation, reflects cerebral oxygen utilization.

Severe hypercapnia causes reversible depression of aEEG background activity in neonates: an observational study.

Introduction: Elevated carbon dioxide (CO) blood levels have a depressant effect on the central nervous system and can lead to coma in adults. Less is known about the effect of CO on the neurological function of infants.

Objective: To describe the effect of acute severe hypercapnia (PaCO >70 mm Hg) on amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) and cerebral oxygenation in newborn infants.

Reduction in Cerebral Oxygenation due to Patent Ductus Arteriosus Is Pronounced in Small-for-Gestational-Age Neonates.

Background: A haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) reduces cerebral oxygenation in appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) preterm neonates. Reduced cerebral oxygenation has been associated with brain injury. Preterm small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates show higher cerebral oxygenation than AGA peers throughout the first postnatal days.

Cerebral oxygenation and echocardiographic parameters in preterm neonates with a patent ductus arteriosus: an observational study.

Background: A haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) is clinically suspected and confirmed by echocardiographic examination. A hsPDA decreases cerebral blood flow and oxygen saturation by the ductal steal phenomenon.

Aim: To determine the relationship between echocardiographic parameters, cerebral oxygenation and a hsPDA in preterm infants.

Reference values of regional cerebral oxygen saturation during the first 3 days of life in preterm neonates.

Background: Currently, reliable reference values of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) for different gestational age (GA) groups are lacking, which hampers the implementation of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) alongside monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and blood pressure in neonatal intensive care. The aim of this study was to provide reference values for rScO2 and cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE; (SaO2 - rScO2)/SaO2) for small adult and neonatal NIRS sensors.

Methods: In this study, 999 infants born preterm (GA <32 wk) were monitored with NIRS during the first 72 h of life.

Early end-tidal carbon monoxide levels, patency of the ductus arteriosus and regional cerebral oxygenation in preterm infants.

Background: Carbon monoxide (CO), a relaxant regulator of muscle tone and marker of oxidative stress and inflammation, can be measured in exhaled air by determination of end-tidal CO corrected for CO in ambient air (ETCOc).

Objective: Increased endogenous production of CO may influence patency of the ductus arteriosus, cerebral perfusion and, subsequently, cerebral oxygenation. The aim was to study the relation between early ETCOc levels, hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) and cerebral oxygenation (rScO2) in preterm infants <32 weeks' gestational age and determine predictive values of ETCOc for hsPDA.

Comparing near-infrared spectroscopy devices and their sensors for monitoring regional cerebral oxygen saturation in the neonate.

Background: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an upcoming clinical method for monitoring regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) in neonates. There is a growing market offering different devices and sensors. Even though this technique is increasingly clinically applied, little is known about the similarities and/or differences in rScO2 values between the different devices and sensors.