Efficacy of the Once-Daily Tacrolimus Formulation LCPT Compared to the Immediate-Release Formulation in Preventing Early Post-Transplant Diabetes in High-Risk Kidney Transplant Patients: A Randomized, Controlled, Open-Label Pilot Study (EUDRACT: 2017-000718-52).

: Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) and prediabetes (PreDM) are common after renal transplantation and increase the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. Compared to immediate-release tacrolimus (IR-Tac), the LCPT formulation, with delayed absorption, offers higher bioavailability and a smoother time-concentration curve, potentially reducing beta-cell stress. : This randomized pilot trial compared de novo immunosuppression with IR-Tac (twice daily) and LCPT (once daily).

Impact and consequences of the error of estimated GFR in patients with heart failure.

Heart failure is a highly prevalent disease, which courses with frequent readmissions, mainly by Acute Heart Failure (AHF). Reduced renal function is associated with increased mortality in patients with HF. Therefore, an accurate and precise evaluation of renal function in patients with HF is crucial.

Measured glomerular filtration rate predicts liver related deaths better than estimated glomerular filtration rate in advanced chronic liver disease.

Background & Aims: Renal dysfunction is prevalent in advanced chronic liver disease (aCLD) and is associated to liver-related death (LRD). This makes a reliable evaluation of renal function (RF) a crucial aspect. RF can be estimated by formulas or measured by gold standard method.

Integrated miRNA-mRNA Analysis Reveals Critical miRNAs and Targets in Diet-Induced Obesity-Related Glomerulopathy.

This study aimed to investigate obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) at cellular, structural, and transcriptomic levels. Thirty Wistar rats were randomized into two groups: 15 rats were fed with a standard diet (SD-rats), and 15 rats were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD-rats). After 10 weeks, the weight, kidney function, histological features, and transcriptomic changes were assessed.

The error of estimated GFR in predialysis care.

The error of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and its consequences in predialysis are unknown. In this prospective multicentre study, 315 predialysis patients underwent measured GFR (mGFR) by the clearance of iohexol and eGFR by 52 formulas. Agreement between eGFR and mGFR was evaluated by concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), total deviation index (TDI) and coverage probability (CP).

The Role of Gender Differences and Menopause in Obesity-Related Renal Disease, Renal Inflammation and Lipotoxicity.

The pathogenesis of obesity-related-renal disease is unknown. Menopause can promote renal disease in obese women, but this interaction is unclear. In a previous study, we observed that obese male and female mice developed albuminuria, hyperfiltration, and glomerulomegaly, and these changes were more severe in those obese ovariectomized females.

Therapeutic Exercise on Metabolic and Renal Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Narrative Review.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 11-13% of the world population. The main risk factors for CKD include diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with the onset of CKD in the nondiabetic population.

Measured GFR in murine animal models: review on methods, techniques, and procedures.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide, with increasing rates of morbidity and mortality. Thus, early detection is essential to prevent severe adverse events and the progression of kidney disease to an end stage. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the most appropriate index to evaluate renal function in both clinical practice and basic medical research.

Exercise and Prediabetes After Renal Transplantation (EXPRED-I): A Prospective Study.

Background: Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) beyond 12 months (late PTDM) is a severe complication after renal transplantation. Late PTDM develops mostly in subjects with prediabetes. Although exercise may have a potential role in preventing late PTDM, there are no previous data on the effect of exercise in patients with prediabetes.

Early glomerular filtration rate changes in living kidney donors and recipients: an example of renal plasticity.

Background: In living kidney transplantation there are two different individuals, a healthy donor and a renal transplant recipient. This is an excellent human model to study factors that influence kidney function in the context of reduced renal mass and the adaptation of two comparable kidneys to different metabolic demands.

Methods: We analyzed the changes in measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR, iohexol) from pretransplantation to 12 months after transplantation in 30 donor-recipient pairs.

Estimated GFR in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: errors of an unpredictable method.

Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) causes about 10% of cases of end stage renal disease. Disease progression rate is heterogeneous. Tolvaptan is presently the only specific therapeutic option to slow kidney function decline in adults at risk of rapidly progressing ADPKD with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1-4.

Estimated glomerular filtration rate by formulas in patients with cirrhosis: An unreliable procedure.

Background & Aims: In cirrhosis, the reliability of formulas that estimate renal function, either those specifically developed in this population or the classic equations, has not been properly quantified. We studied the agreement between estimated (eGFR) and measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) in cirrhosis.

Methods: Renal function was estimated with 56 formulas including specific equations: Glomerular Filtration Rate Assessment in Liver Disease (GRAIL), Royal Free Hospital Cirrhosis (RFHC) and Mindikoglu-eGFR, and measured with a gold standard procedure; plasma clearance of iohexol using dried blood spots sampling in a group of cirrhotics.

Obesity and metabolic syndrome induce hyperfiltration, glomerulomegaly, and albuminuria in obese ovariectomized female mice and obese male mice.

Objective: Obese patients with metabolic syndrome have a high risk of chronic kidney disease. The prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance increase in women after menopause, as does the risk of chronic kidney disease. This may indicate an interaction between obesity, metabolic syndrome, and menopause in the induction of renal damage.

Estimated GFR Slope in Kidney Transplant Patients: When the Error Is Random.

Background: The evaluation of renal function changes over time is crucial in day-to-day renal transplant care, and the slope of renal function is a major outcome in clinical trials. Little is known about the reliability of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in reflecting real glomerular filtration rate (GFR) changes.

Methods: We analyzed the variability of eGFR slope by 63 equations in estimating measured GFR (mGFR) changes in 110 renal transplant patients.

Iohexol plasma clearance simplified by Dried Blood Spot (DBS) sampling to measure renal function in conscious mice.

There is no simple method to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in mice, which limits the use of mice in models of renal diseases. We aimed at simplifying the plasma clearance of iohexol in mice, using dried blood spot (DBS) sampling in order to reduce the amount of blood taken for analysis. GFR was measured simultaneously by a reference method in total blood-as described before-and tested method using DBS in fifteen male and six female C57BL/6J mice.

Exercise and Prediabetes after Renal Transplantation (EXPRED): Protocol Description.

Background: Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a frequent and severe complication after renal transplantation. In fact, PTDM is a risk factor for both infection and cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence and incidence of PTDM have a bimodal evolution: early (up to 3 months) and late PTDM (beyond 12 months).

A Simplified Iohexol-Based Method to Measure Renal Function in Sheep Models of Renal Disease.

Sheep are highly adequate models for human renal diseases because of their many similarities in the histology and physiology of kidney and pathogenesis of kidney diseases. However, the lack of a simple method to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR) limits its use as a model of renal diseases. Hence, we aimed to develop a simple method to measure GFR based on the plasma clearance of iohexol by assessing different pharmacokinetic models: (a) CL2: two-compartment (samples from 15 to 420 min; reference method); (b) CL1: one-compartment (samples from 60 to 420 min); (c) CLl: CL1 adjusted by a correction formula and (d) SM: simplified CL2 (15 to 300 min).

The estimation of GFR and the adjustment for BSA in overweight and obesity: a dreadful combination of two errors.

Background: Obesity is an established risk factor for renal disease and for disease progression. Therefore, an accurate determination of renal function is necessary in this population. Renal function is currently evaluated by estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by formulas, a procedure with a proven high variability.

Impact of errors of creatinine and cystatin C equations in the selection of living kidney donors.

Background: Reliable determination of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is crucial in the evaluation of living kidney donors. Although some guidelines recommend the use of measured GFR (mGFR), many centres still rely on estimated GFR (eGFR) obtained through equations or 24-h creatinine clearance. However, eGFR is neither accurate nor precise in reflecting real renal function.

The Error of Estimated GFR in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents 30-50% of the cases of end stage renal disease worldwide. Thus, a correct evaluation of renal function in patients with diabetes is crucial to prevent or ameliorate diabetes-associated kidney disease. The reliability of formulas to estimate renal function is still unclear, in particular, those new equations based on cystatin-C or the combination of creatinine and cystatin-C.

Erratum: Impact of errors of creatinine and cystatin C equations in the selection of living kidney donors.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfz012.].

Chronic kidney disease staging with cystatin C or creatinine-based formulas: flipping the coin.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 10-13% of the population worldwide. CKD classification stratifies patients in five stages of risk for progressive renal disease based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by formulas and albuminuria. However, the reliability of formulas to reflect real renal function is a matter of debate.

Iohexol plasma clearance simplified by dried blood spot testing.

Background: Renal function can be estimated with formulas, which are inaccurate, or measured with gold standard methods, which are reliable but unpractical. We propose to simplify the plasma clearance of iohexol, a gold standard method to measure renal function, by dried blood spot (DBS) testing.

Methods: We compared glomerular filtration rate (GFR) values assessed by DBS and the reference plasma analysis technique.