Trajectories of intimate partner violence and their relationship to stress among young women in South Africa: An HPTN 068 study.

Background: One in four South African women will experience intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetime, potentially increasing their biological stress. In South Africa, limited IPV and stress research has utilized multiple timepoints or examined modifying factors. Cash transfers (CTs) are associated with reduced IPV and stress and may be an intervention target.

Female and male partner perspectives on placebo Multipurpose Prevention Technologies (MPTs) used by women in the TRIO study in South Africa and Kenya.

Background: Male partner awareness and acceptance of microbicide and family planning product use has been shown to increase women's own acceptance and adherence of a product. However, little is known about preferences regarding potential Multipurpose Prevention Technology (MPT) product delivery forms. As part of the TRIO study, men's reactions to their female partner's TRIO product use and comparisons of men's and women's views of TRIO product attributes and use acceptability were explored to better understand product preferences.

Analysis of School-Day Disruption of Administering School-Located Vaccination to Children in Three Local Areas, 2012-2013 School Year.

The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of time elementary and middle-school students spend away from the classroom and clinic time required to administer vaccines in school-located vaccination (SLV) clinics. We conducted a time study and estimated average time away from class and time to administer vaccine by health department (HD), student grade level, vaccine type, and vaccination process for SLV clinics during the 2012-2013 school year. Average time away from classroom was 10 min (sample: 688 students, 15 schools, three participating HD districts).

Associations Between Religious/Spiritual Coping and Depression Among Adults with Cystic Fibrosis: A 12-Month Longitudinal Study.

Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) face a challenging disease, and depression is a significant concern. Many patients draw on religious/spiritual resources to assist them in managing the demands of chronic illness; however, these coping efforts rarely have been evaluated among adults with CF. This longitudinal study examined relationships between distinct types of positive and negative religious/spiritual coping at baseline (assessed with the RCOPE) and depression screening outcomes 12 month later (assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale).

Longitudinal associations between gratitude and depression 1 year later among adult cystic fibrosis patients.

Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) are confronted by a range of difficult physical and psychosocial sequelae. Gratitude has drawn growing attention as a psychosocial resource, but it has yet to be examined among adults with CF. The current investigation evaluated longitudinal associations between trait gratitude and subsequent outcomes from depression screening 12 months later, adjusting for disease severity (FEV% predicted) and other significant clinical or demographic covariates.

Persistent Adherence to Airway Clearance Therapy in Adults With Cystic Fibrosis.

Background: Airway clearance therapy (ACT) is a core component of daily treatment for cystic fibrosis (CF). However, surprisingly little is known about sustained or persistent use of ACT over time among adults with CF. This longitudinal study examined persistent adherence to ACT over 12 months and its modifiable predictors, drawing on aspects of Social Cognitive Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior.

Hepatitis C virus testing perspectives among primary care physicians in four large primary care settings.

Background: In 1998, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection and HCV-Related Chronic Disease, recommending HCV testing for populations most likely to be infected with HCV. However, the implementation of risk-based screening has not been widely adopted in health care settings, and 45% to 85% of infected U.S.

The burden of pediatric diarrhea: a cross-sectional study of incurred costs and perceptions of cost among Bolivian families.

Background: Worldwide, acute gastroenteritis represents an enormous public health threat to children under five years of age, causing one billion episodes and 1.9 to 3.2 million deaths per year.

Attributes associated with eye care use in the United States: a meta-analysis.

Objective: To model the factors that are associated with the use of eye care services among the US population with and without diabetes, stratifying by age group.

Design: Meta-analysis.

Participants: We analyzed data from 3 datasets: the Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System combined years 2006-2009, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey combined years 2005-2008, and the National Health Interview Survey year 2008.

The cost-effectiveness of birth-cohort screening for hepatitis C antibody in U.S. primary care settings.

Background: In the United States, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is most prevalent among adults born from 1945 through 1965, and approximately 50% to 75% of infected adults are unaware of their infection.

Objective: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of birth-cohort screening.

Design: Cost-effectiveness simulation.