Babesia bovis RON2 binds to bovine erythrocytes through a highly conserved epitope.

B. bovis invasion of bovine erythrocytes requires tight junction formation involving AMA-1/RON2 complex interaction. RON2 has been considered a vaccine candidate since antibodies targeting the protein can inhibit parasite invasion of target cells; however, the mechanism controlling B.

Developing Anti- Blood Stage Vaccines: A New Perspective Regarding Synthetic Vaccines.

Bovine babesiosis is caused by the Apicomplexa parasites from the genus . It is one of the most important tick-borne veterinary diseases worldwide; being the species associated with the most severe clinical signs of the disease and causing the greatest economic losses. Many limitations related to chemoprophylaxis and the acaricides control of transmitting vectors have led to the adoption of live attenuated vaccine immunisation against as an alternative control strategy.

Identification of Babesia bovis MSA-1 functionally constraint regions capable of binding to bovine erythrocytes.

Merozoite surface antigen-1 is a glycoprotein expressed by Babesia bovis and is considered a vaccine candidate given that antibodies against it are able to partially block in vitro invasion of bovine erythrocytes. Despite this, no study to date has confirmed the target cell binding properties of the full MSA-1 or its fragments. This research has thus been focused on identifying protein regions playing a role in erythrocyte attachment, based on genetic diversity and natural selection analysis.

Two 20-Residue-Long Peptides Derived from Merozoite Surface Protein 10 EGF-Like Domains Are Involved in Binding to Human Reticulocytes.

parasites' invasion of their target cells is a complex, multi-step process involving many protein-protein interactions. Little is known about how complex the interaction with target cells is in and few surface molecules related to reticulocytes' adhesion have been described to date. Natural selection, functional and structural analysis were carried out on the previously described vaccine candidate merozoite surface protein 10 (MSP10) for evaluating its role during initial contact with target cells.

Ligand-Receptor Interaction: AMA-1 Contains Small Regions Governing Bovine Erythrocyte Binding.

Apical membrane antigen 1 is a microneme protein which plays an indispensable role during Apicomplexa parasite invasion. The detailed mechanism of AMA-1 molecular interaction with its receptor on bovine erythrocytes has not been completely defined in . This study was focused on identifying the minimum AMA-1-derived regions governing specific and high-affinity binding to its target cells.

Plasmodium falciparum pre-erythrocytic stage vaccine development.

Worldwide strategies between 2010 and 2017 aimed at controlling malarial parasites (mainly Plasmodium falciparum) led to a reduction of just 18% regarding disease incidence rates. Many biologically-derived anti-malarial vaccine candidates have been developed to date; this has involved using many experimental animals, an immense amount of work and the investment of millions of dollars. This review provides an overview of the current state and the main results of clinical trials for sporozoite-targeting vaccines (i.

Blood Stage Antimalarial Vaccines: An Analysis of Ongoing Clinical Trials and New Perspectives Related to Synthetic Vaccines.

malaria is a disease causing high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa. Candidates have been identified for vaccines targeting the parasite's blood stage; this stage is important in the development of symptoms and clinical complications. However, no vaccine that can directly affect morbidity and mortality rates is currently available.