Blood immunophenotyping of multiple sclerosis patients at diagnosis identifies a classical monocyte subset associated to disease evolution.

Introduction: Myeloid cells trafficking from the periphery to the central nervous system are key players in multiple sclerosis (MS) through antigen presentation, cytokine secretion and repair processes.

Methods: Combination of mass cytometry on blood cells from 60 MS patients at diagnosis and 29 healthy controls, along with single cell RNA sequencing on paired blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 5 MS patients were used for myeloid cells detailing.

Results: Myeloid compartment study demonstrated an enrichment of a peculiar classical monocyte population in 22% of MS patients at the time of diagnosis.

New concepts on immunology of Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and immune-driven demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). During the past decade, major advances have been made to understand the development of MS as well as its progressive stage. Here, we discuss some emerging concepts on immunology of MS, including the growing interest in the involvement of gut microbiota and the recent pathological concepts on the progression phase.

Mass Cytometry Identifies Expansion of T-bet B Cells and CD206 Monocytes in Early Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-driven demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Immune cell features are particularly promising as predictive biomarkers due to their central role in the pathogenesis but also as drug targets, even if nowadays, they have no impact in clinical practice. Recently, high-resolution approaches, such as mass cytometry (CyTOF), helped to better understand the diversity and functions of the immune system.

High-dose biotin in progressive multiple sclerosis: A prospective study of 178 patients in routine clinical practice.

Background: A recent controlled trial suggested that high-dose biotin supplementation reverses disability progression in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis.

Objective: To analyze the impact of high-dose biotin in routine clinical practice on disability progression at 12 months.

Methods: Progressive multiple sclerosis patients who started high-dose biotin at Nantes or Rennes Hospital between 3 June 2015 and 15 September 2017 were included in this prospective study.