Publications by authors named "Laura Coleman"
Article Synopsis
- Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease that leads to cartilage breakdown, causing pain and restricted movement, and its early diagnosis is crucial but challenging due to vague symptoms.
- This study used Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) on 86 participants to analyze biomarkers (IL-6, TNF-α, MPO) for classifying OA patients versus healthy volunteers.
- The findings showed significant differences in MPO and TNF-α levels between the two groups and suggested that DFA can improve OA diagnostics, though larger studies are needed to strengthen these results and integrate DFA into clinical use.
Human rhinovirus (RV)-induced exacerbations of asthma and wheeze are a major cause of emergency room presentations and hospital admissions among children. Previous studies have shown that immune response patterns during these exacerbations are heterogeneous and are characterized by the presence or absence of robust interferon responses. Molecular phenotypes of asthma are usually identified by cluster analysis of gene expression levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndividuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus experience high rates of influenza virus infection and complications. We compared the magnitude and duration of serologic response to trivalent influenza vaccine in adults aged 50-80 with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Serologic response to influenza vaccination was similar in both groups: greater fold-increases in antibody titer occurred among participants with lower pre-vaccination antibody titers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTemporal environmental variability causes behavioural and physiological responses in organisms that can affect their spatial location in time, and ultimately drive changes in population and community dynamics. Linking ecological changes with underlying environmental drivers is a complex task that can however be facilitated through the integration of physiology. Our overarching aim was to investigate the association between physiological performance and habitat utilisation patterns modulated by short temporal fluctuations in environmental factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: Antibody blockade of activin type II receptor (ActRII) signaling stimulates skeletal muscle growth. Previous clinical studies suggest that ActRII inhibition with the monoclonal antibody bimagrumab also promotes excess adipose tissue loss and improves insulin resistance.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bimagrumab on body composition and glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight and obesity.
Importance: The potential benefit of novel skeletal muscle anabolic agents to improve physical function in people with sarcopenia and other muscle wasting diseases is unknown.
Objective: To confirm the safety and efficacy of bimagrumab plus the new standard of care on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and physical function compared with standard of care alone in community-dwelling older adults with sarcopenia.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted at 38 sites in 13 countries among community-dwelling men and women aged 70 years and older meeting gait speed and skeletal muscle criteria for sarcopenia.
Background: A third measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) dose (MMR3) is recommended in the United States for persons at increased risk for mumps during outbreaks. MMR3 is also likely given to persons who might have received 2 doses of MMR but lack documentation. Since MMR3 safety data are limited, we describe adverse events in persons receiving MMR3 in a nonoutbreak setting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- SNPs in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene are linked to asthma development, but previous studies mainly focused on stable disease rather than acute episodes.
- This study examined the connection between specific VDR SNPs and the severity and frequency of asthma attacks in Australian children, helping to identify those at risk for serious exacerbations.
- Key findings included associations of certain VDR SNP genotypes with increased severity of asthma episodes and varied responses to β-agonist treatment, indicating potential for personalized treatment based on genetic profiles.
Patient initiated follow up after gynaecological malignancy: National survey of current UK practice.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol
May 2020
Objective: To establish the prevalence of follow up regimes following treatment for gynaecological malignancies in the UK.
Study Design: Online questionnaire Survey of gynaecological cancer centres across the UK. All members of the British Gynaecological Cancer Society (BGCS) and the National Forum of Gynaecological Oncology Nurses (NFGON) were invited to complete the survey between 12/07/2018 and 12/04/2019.
Abnormal wound repair has been observed in the airway epithelium of patients with chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma. Therapies focusing on repairing vulnerable airways, particularly in early life, present a potentially novel treatment strategy. We report defective lower airway epithelial cell repair to strongly associate with common pre-school-aged and school-aged wheezing phenotypes, characterized by aberrant migration patterns and reduced integrin α5β1 expression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAsthma exacerbations are triggered by rhinovirus infections. We employed a systems biology approach to delineate upper-airway gene network patterns underlying asthma exacerbation phenotypes in children. Cluster analysis unveiled distinct IRF7 versus IRF7 molecular phenotypes, the former exhibiting robust upregulation of Th1/type I IFN responses and the latter an alternative signature marked by upregulation of cytokine and growth factor signaling and downregulation of IFN-γ.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Third doses of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine have been administered during mumps outbreaks and in various non-outbreak settings. The immunogenicity of the rubella component has not been evaluated following receipt of a third dose of MMR vaccine.
Methods: Young adults aged 18-31 years with documented two doses of MMR vaccine received a third dose of MMR vaccine between July 2009 and October 2010.
Comparing Reported Dietary Supplement Intakes between Two 24-Hour Recall Methods: The Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool and the Interview-Administered Automated Multiple Pass Method.
J Acad Nutr Diet
June 2018
Article Synopsis
- - The study compares how dietary supplement use is reported by participants using two different methods: the automated self-administered ASA24 tool and the interviewer-administered AMPM, focusing on achieving accuracy in dietary recalls.
- - Conducted between 2010 and 2011, the Food Reporting Comparison Study involved 1,081 participants from various health systems, utilizing a quota sampling approach to ensure diversity in age, sex, and race/ethnicity, with participants randomly assigned to different groups to complete dietary recalls.
- - Results showed that the proportion of participants reporting supplement use was 46% for both ASA24 and AMPM, indicating a level of equivalence in the reporting methods used.
Article Synopsis
- Recent mumps outbreaks have led to discussions about the potential advantages of administering a third dose of the MMR vaccine (MMR3) to enhance immunity in certain at-risk groups.
- A study involving 656 healthy adults assessed antibody levels before and after receiving MMR3, showing significant short-term increases in mumps antibodies but a decline after one year, although levels remained above baseline.
- The findings suggest that individuals with low initial mumps antibodies saw the greatest benefits from the third dose, and the variability among different serologic tests indicates they cannot reliably predict mumps virus-neutralizing ability.
Article Synopsis
- - The study aimed to evaluate how successfully a longitudinal diet study could recruit and retain participants from varied backgrounds across the U.S., focusing on demographic differences in response rates during recruitment and retention phases.
- - Researchers invited 12,860 adults aged 20-70 from diverse health systems, with a 9% overall rate of accessing the study website; enrollment was high among those who accessed it, but men and minorities showed lower participation rates.
- - The findings indicated that while recruitment posed challenges, once participants were enrolled, a majority were able to complete the dietary recalls, suggesting that the study methods could be effective for collecting dietary data from diverse populations.
Article Synopsis
- The study examined how prior vaccination affects immune responses in children aged 9-14 receiving the 2010-2011 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV).
- Results showed that children with previous vaccinations had significant T-cell responses and maintained high antibody levels for over seven months, enhancing their protection against both past and future influenza strains.
- The findings highlight that while influenza viruses mutate and evade immunity, previous exposure to vaccines helps create lasting immune memory that improves responses to new vaccine components.
Article Synopsis
- * Vitamin D levels (25(OH)D) were similar across age groups, but the expression of certain genes, like interferon-β, was higher in the older group (70+).
- * Overall, the age of healthy adults did not significantly influence the expression and functionality of key vitamin D pathway genes, except for specific variations in older adults.
Rhinovirus-induced asthma exacerbations and risk populations.
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol
April 2016
Article Synopsis
- - Recent research has enhanced our understanding of how viruses cause asthma attacks, highlighting roles for bacteria, interferon regulation, and innate immune pathways linked to viral infections and allergic reactions.
- - Key genetic factors, particularly the ORMDL3/GSDMB locus, along with new findings on the farming effect and CDHR3's interaction with rhinovirus C, have been identified as contributors to asthma exacerbations.
- - Asthma flare-ups are complex and result from interactions between environmental factors and the immune system in susceptible individuals, presenting new prospects for potential treatments.
Article Synopsis
- Two doses of the MMR vaccine are highly effective (97%) against measles, but some individuals experience waning immunity, prompting a study on the efficacy of a third dose (MMR3) in young adults.
- In a study of 662 participants, the majority were seropositive for measles antibodies before receiving MMR3, and only minor changes in immune response were observed one month and one year post-vaccination.
- The findings suggest that a third dose of the MMR vaccine does not significantly enhance immunity or warrant routine administration based on the limited immune response detected.
Preexisting Immunity, More Than Aging, Influences Influenza Vaccine Responses.
Open Forum Infect Dis
April 2015
Article Synopsis
- Influenza vaccines are less effective for older adults, who were the focus of a study evaluating their immune responses to a seasonal vaccine from 2008-2009.
- The study found that while vaccination generally improved antibody responses, over 66% of older participants didn't achieve sufficient levels of antibodies for H1N1 compared to 22.5% for H3N2.
- Age slightly impacted immune response, but pre-vaccination antibody levels were the most accurate predictor of post-vaccination immunity, indicating older adults still had significant immune responses despite some declines in memory B cells.
Article Synopsis
- - Endometriosis occurs when endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterus, commonly found on areas like the ovaries and bladder, and affects about 10% of women, with higher rates in those dealing with infertility.
- - Common symptoms include pelvic pain, painful intercourse, and fatigue, typically worsening before menstruation and improving afterward; diagnosis can be challenging as regular exams and ultrasound may not reveal the condition.
- - The most accurate diagnosis is confirmed through laparoscopy and biopsy, and referrals for treatment are recommended if pain persists despite painkillers or if there's suspicion of the condition in women trying to conceive.
Article Synopsis
- - The study compared the web-based Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Recall (ASA24) with the traditional interviewer-administered Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM) to see if ASA24 could be a feasible alternative for collecting dietary data in large studies.
- - In a trial involving 1,081 adults from diverse backgrounds, results showed that ASA24 and AMPM reported similar average energy intakes, with 87% of analyzed nutrients showing equivalence.
- - Participants preferred ASA24, which also resulted in lower dropout rates compared to AMPM, indicating that ASA24 could efficiently gather high-quality dietary information more affordably.
Background: Little is known about factors associated with maintenance of hemagglutinin inhibition (HAI) antibodies after influenza vaccination in older adults.
Methods: Adults ≥50 years of age were vaccinated prior to the 2009-10 influenza season. Serum was drawn pre-vaccination (S1), 21-28 days post-vaccination (S2), and after the influenza season (S3) for HAI assays.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates whether a third dose of the MMR vaccine (MMR3) is necessary in populations with high vaccination rates, focusing on mumps antibody levels in young adults aged 18-28.
- - Prior to receiving MMR3, only a small percentage of participants had low or negative mumps antibody levels, and these numbers improved slightly one year after the vaccination.
- - Although there was a significant increase in antibody levels post-MMR3, the overall improvements were modest and may only provide short-term protection during mumps outbreaks rather than being beneficial for regular vaccination strategies.
It has been hypothesized that micronutrient levels play a role in the immune response to vaccination; however, population-level research on the association between micronutrient levels and immune response to influenza vaccination is needed. In this study, we hypothesized that decreasing levels of nutrients would be associated with decreased hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) responses to influenza vaccination. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether serum vitamin A, vitamin E, or zinc levels are associated with influenza vaccine response determined by HAI titer in adults 65 years or older.
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