What is the relations between dysgeusia and alterations of the nutritional status? A metanarrative analysis of integrative review.

Background And Aim: Dysgeusia is  an altered or damaged tasting perception of a multifactorial etiology, from polypharmacy, infections to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Approximately 5% of the population suffer from a diminished taste sensation, which unfortunately remains underestimated by the affected person, creating the conditions for a dramatic underestimation of the incidence of the symptom. The aim of this study is to summarize the evidences present in literature on the relations between Dysgeusia and alterations of the nutritional status Methods: an integrative review with metanarrative analysis of the articles included was carried out in August 2020.

Durability, safety, and efficacy of rilpivirine in clinical practice: results from the SCOLTA Project.

Unlabelled: Rilpivirine is associated with a good efficacy and safety profile. However, data from real-life settings are scarce.

Methods: We investigated the durability, safety and efficacy of Rilpivirine-based antiretroviral therapy in a prospective, observational, multicenter study.

Safety and tolerability of Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil fumarate in a real life setting: Data from surveillance cohort long-term toxicity antiretrovirals/antivirals (SCOLTA) project.

Objectives: The study aim was to evaluate the impact on Liver and Kidney toxicity of the single tablet regimen Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF) on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) experienced or naïve patients.

Methods: Patients initiating EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF were enrolled in the SCOLTA project, a multicenter observational study reporting grade 3-4 Adverse Events in subjects beginning new antiretroviral drug regimens. In this analysis, patients were evaluated at T0 (baseline), T1 (six months) and at T2 (twelve months).

Strategic use of dual regimens of boosted protease inhibitors plus maraviroc in poorly adherent subjects in view of long-acting drugs: A retrospective study.

In view of the forthcoming long-acting antiretrovirals, measures should be taken to prevent the selection of HIV drug resistance mutations. All subjects who had been switched to boosted protease inhibitors plus maraviroc (bPIs/MVC) with baseline HIV-1 RNA >50 copies/mL between June, 2014, and April, 2015, were retrospectively evaluated. HIV-1 RNA, CD4+ T-cells, serum glucose, creatinine, ALT, and adverse events were controlled every 3 to 4 months.

Statins and Aspirin use in HIV-infected people: gap between European AIDS Clinical Society guidelines and clinical practice: the results from HIV-HY study.

Objectives: To investigate the use of statins and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in HIV people in clinical practice.

Design: A multicenter, nationwide, prospective cohort study, including 1182 consecutive HIV patients was conducted.

Methods: Statin and ASA prescription was evaluated in primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention, according to the European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) guidelines.

Muscle symptoms and creatine phosphokinase elevations in patients receiving raltegravir in clinical practice: Results from the SCOLTA project long-term surveillance.

Muscle alterations ranging from asymptomatic creatine phosphokinase (CPK) increases to rhabdomyolysis and central nervous system (CNS) symptoms have been reported in patients receiving raltegravir. Muscle symptoms and CPK increases were investigated in a cohort of HIV-infected patients receiving raltegravir-based antiretroviral therapy, and possible associated predictors were evaluated. The SCOLTA Project is a prospective, observational, multicentre study created to assess the incidence of adverse events in patients receiving new antiretroviral drugs in clinical practice.

Four years data of raltegravir-based salvage therapy in HIV-1-infected, treatment-experienced patients: the SALIR-E Study.

Apart from the BENCHMRK study, there are no large observational experiences describing the long-term efficacy and safety of rescue regimens for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Antiretroviral-experienced patients with detectable viraemia starting a raltegravir (RAL)-based regimen between March 2007 and June 2009 were consecutively enrolled and followed for ≥4 years. Data were censored at Week 206 for homogeneity.

Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rate of hypertension in HIV-infected patients: the HIV-HY study.

Background: We aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension in an unselected human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected population and to identify factors associated with hypertension prevalence, treatment, and control.

Methods: We used a multicenter, cross-sectional, nationwide study that sampled 1,182 unselected, consecutive, HIV-infected patients. Office blood pressure was accurately measured with standard procedures.

Four years of immunization with OM-85 BV to prevent respiratory infections in HIV+ patients.

We report an interventional, non-randomized experience of OM-85 BV immunization in a group of 104 HIV-infected subjects presenting recurrent seasonal respiratory bacterial infections. We compared the number of respiratory events, the use of antibiotics and the cost related to antibiotics before (2005-2006) and after (2008-2011) the introduction of such intervention. The year 2007 was excluded from the analysis since half of the patients were immunized in that year in an exploratory approach.

Safety and durability in a cohort of HIV-1 positive patients treated with once and twice daily darunavir-based therapy (SCOLTA Project).

Objective: To evaluate safety and durability of once-daily and twice-daily darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r)-based treatment in HIV patients in clinical practice.

Methods: The Surveillance Cohort Long-Term Toxicity Antiretrovirals (SCOLTA) project is a prospective, observational, multicenter cohort created to assess the incidence of adverse events in patients receiving new antiretroviral drugs. Twenty-five Italian infectious diseases centers enroll patients and collect their data through this on-line system.

The use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors sparing regimens in treatment-experienced HIV-1 infected patients.

Despite the relative lack of data, nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-sparing regimens are increasingly prescribed in clinical practice in treatment-experienced HIV-1 infected patients. We aimed to assess the frequency of NRTI-sparing regimens among these subjects, and to evaluate and compare their safety and tolerability. Patients were included if enrolled in the currently ongoing cohorts (raltegravir and darunavir) of the Surveillance Cohort Long-Term Toxicity Antiretrovirals (SCOLTA) Project.

Symmetric ambulatory arterial stiffness index and 24-h pulse pressure in HIV infection: results of a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Objective: HIV infection has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) is a more accurate and prognostically relevant measure of an individual's BP load than office BP, and the ambulatory BP-derived ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) and symmetric AASI (s-AASI) are established cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods: In the setting of the HIV and HYpertension (HIV-HY) study, an Italian nationwide survey on high BP in HIV infection, 100 HIV-infected patients with high-normal BP or untreated hypertension (72% men, age 48 ± 10 years, BP 142/91 ± 12/7 mmHg) and 325 HIV-negative individuals with comparable age, sex distribution, and office BP (68% men, age 48 ± 10 years, BP 141/90 ± 11/8 mmHg) underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring.

Raltegravir central nervous system tolerability in clinical practice: results from a multicenter observational study.

Central nervous system (CNS) symptoms have been reported in clinical trials and case reports in patients receiving raltegravir. We investigated CNS symptoms in 453 HIV-infected patients. Of these 47 (10.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of HIV treatment in the clinical practice of a public hospital in northern Italy.

Introduction: We carried out an economic analysis to assess the cost-effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens in Italy for the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients according to clinical practice in the Infectious Diseases Department of "L. Sacco" Hospital, Milan, Italy.

Patients And Methods: The incremental cost-effectiveness analysis was completed by means of a Markov model.

Cost of human immunodeficiency virus infection in Italy, 2007-2009: effective and expensive, are the new drugs worthwhile?

Background: In recent years, the increased efficacy and effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment has led to longer survival of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but has also raised the question of what happens to consumption of resources. Early highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART), management of hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection, and expensive newly marketed drugs may affect the economic sustainability of treatment from the point of view of the National Healthcare Services. The present study aimed to provide information on the economic burden of HIV-positive patients resident in the Lombardy region using a three-year time horizon.

Secondary hyperparathyroidism in HIV patients: is there any responsibility of highly active antiretroviral therapy?

Secondary hyperparathyroidism may develop in the presence of hypovitaminosis D in order to maintain calcium homeostasis. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in a cohort of 371 patients, identifying secondary hyperparathyroidism in 65 patients. This high prevalence (17.

The cost of HIV disease in Northern Italy: the payer's perspective.

Background: Healthcare expenditures incurred by the Health Service for HIV-infected patients have not been reported in Italy.

Objective: To present health care costs for HIV-infected patients in the Lombardy Region, in 2004-2007, to determine the clinical characteristics of HIV infection associated with costs.

Methods: Retrospective, observational, budget impact study, based on information collected for the period 2004-2007, including hospitalizations, outpatient services, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and non-HAART drug utilization.

Anti-inflammatory effect of maraviroc in an HIV-infected patient with concomitant myositis: a case report.

We report the surprising yet sought impact that an antiretroviral (ARV) regimen containing maraviroc had on an HIV-infected and heavily highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-experienced patient with chronic polymyositis. The patient had elevated creatine kinase (CK) levels in serum for 6 years, reaching peaks over 900 U/L and showing only partial response to high-dose steroids, not responding to HAART withdrawal. The disease started while on second-line HAART and gradually impaired his muscular function, leading to the absolute loss of the ability to stand on his legs.

Lipid Metabolism and Cardiovascular Risk in HIV-1 Infection and HAART: Present and Future Problems.

Many infections favor or are directly implicated with lipid metabolism perturbations and/or increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). HIV itself has been shown to increase lipogenesis in the liver and to alter the lipid profile, while the presence of unsafe habits, addiction, comorbidities, and AIDS-related diseases increases substantially the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the HIV-infected population. Antiretroviral therapy reduces such stimuli but many drugs have intrinsic toxicity profiles impacting on metabolism or potential direct cardiotoxicity.