Targeting of the circadian clock via CK1δ/ε to improve glucose homeostasis in obesity.

Growing evidence indicates that disruption of our internal timing system contributes to the incidence and severity of metabolic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. This is perhaps not surprising since components of the circadian clockwork are tightly coupled to metabolic processes across the body. In the current study, we assessed the impact of obesity on the circadian system in mice at a behavioural and molecular level, and determined whether pharmacological targeting of casein kinase 1δ and ε (CK1δ/ε), key regulators of the circadian clock, can confer metabolic benefit.

Joint Kinetics and Kinematics During Common Lower Limb Rehabilitation Exercises.

Context: Unilateral body-weight exercises are commonly used to strengthen the lower limbs during rehabilitation after injury, but data comparing the loading of the limbs during these tasks are limited.

Objective: To compare joint kinetics and kinematics during 3 commonly used rehabilitation exercises.

Design: Descriptive laboratory study.

Personalized versus standardized dosing strategies for the treatment of childhood amblyopia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Amblyopia is the commonest visual disorder of childhood in Western societies, affecting, predominantly, spatial visual function. Treatment typically requires a period of refractive correction ('optical treatment') followed by occlusion: covering the nonamblyopic eye with a fabric patch for varying daily durations. Recent studies have provided insight into the optimal amount of patching ('dose'), leading to the adoption of standardized dosing strategies, which, though an advance on previous ad-hoc regimens, take little account of individual patient characteristics.

Mouse Eri1 interacts with the ribosome and catalyzes 5.8S rRNA processing.

Eri1 is a 3'-to-5' exoribonuclease conserved from fission yeast to humans. Here we show that Eri1 associates with ribosomes and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Ribosomes from Eri1-deficient mice contain 5.

Dietary fish oil deactivates a growth-promoting signaling pathway in hepatoma 7288CTC in Buffalo rats.

Dietary fish oil decreases growth of solid tumors in rodents. Mechanisms for this effect are not well defined. In rat hepatoma 7288CTC, short-term (1-2 h) treatment with eicosapentaenoic acid during perfusion in situ reduced fatty acid uptake and [(3)H]thymidine incorporation.

Perceived quality of life: a neglected component of adolescent health assessment and intervention.

The contribution of the construct of perceived quality of life (PQOL) to adolescent health assessment and promotion is discussed. Theory, measurement, and correlates of PQOL in adolescence are reviewed, with a focus on the incremental validity of PQOL data in relationship to more traditional pathology-based health indices. Similar to Diener's proposal, which pertained exclusively to adults, we call for the inclusion of PQOL data in national databases that monitor adolescent health outcomes.

Physiologic melatonin concentration, omega-3 fatty acids, and conjugated linoleic acid inhibit fatty acid transport in rodent hind limb skeletal muscle in vivo.

Melatonin (MLT), the circadian neurohormone secreted by the pineal gland in mammals during darkness, eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) have established regulatory roles in cancer growth. Investigations in our laboratory have indicated that these agents inhibit fatty acid (FA) transport by tumors and several sub-types of white adipose tissue via inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor mechanisms. Skeletal muscle constitutes over 45% of human body mass and plays an important role in cancer cachexia and obesity-related diseases.

Sensitivity of cyanobacterial antenna, reaction center and CO2 assimilation transcripts and proteins to moderate UVB: light acclimation potentiates resistance to UVB.

We tested the hypothesis that cyanobacterial cells have sufficient acclimation potential to tolerate UVB when it is applied in a natural quantum ratio to growth photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). We grew Synechococcus under 50 (Low) or 300 (High) micromol PAR m(-2) x s(-1) and then exposed the cells to 0.125 (Low) or 0.