Effect of Endophytism and Parasitism on WRKYs and Defense Gene Expression in Tomato Roots.

The expression of WRKY transcription factors and plant defense-related genes was studied in the roots of Apulian tomato () cv Regina di Fasano (accessions MRT and PLZ) endophytically colonized by and parasitized or not by the root-knot nematode (RKN) . The effect on plant growth, nematode parasitism and histological aspect of the interaction were considered. The association of with RKN-parasitized MRT plants increased the total biomass and shoot fresh weight in comparison with healthy plants and with those only parasitized by RKN, without the endophyte.

Sustainable strategies for management of the "false root-knot nematode" spp.

The genus , known as the false root-knot nematode, is native to the American continent and comprises polyphagous species adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions. Alone or in combination with other biotic and abiotic factors, spp. can cause significant economic yield losses on main food crops such as potato, sugar beet, tomato, pepper and bean, in South and North America.

Rhizosphere 16S-ITS Metabarcoding Profiles in Banana Crops Are Affected by Nematodes, Cultivation, and Local Climatic Variations.

Agriculture affects soil and root microbial communities. However, detailed knowledge is needed on the effects of cropping on rhizosphere, including biological control agents (BCA) of nematodes. A metabarcoding study was carried out on the microbiota associated with plant parasitic and other nematode functional groups present in banana farms in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain).

In vitro compatibility of Brassicaceae extracts with nematophagous fungi and their effects against Nacobbus celatus.

Nacobbus celatus sp. n. is one of the main root-knot nematodes in the field destined for horticultural production of the central region of Argentine due to its ability to infect several host plants.

Water Stress Differentially Modulates the Expression of Tomato Cell Wall Metabolism-Related Genes in Feeding Sites.

Microscopic observations and transcriptomic RNA-Seq analyses were applied to investigate the effect of water stress during the formation of tomato galls formation 1 and 2 weeks after inoculation with the root-knot nematode . Water stress affected root growth and the nematode ability to mount an efficient parasitism. The effects of water stress on the feeding site development were already observed at 1 week after nematode inoculation, with smaller giant cells, delayed development, and thinner cell walls.

Root Endophytism by Affects Defense-Gene Expression in Leaves of Monocot and Dicot Hosts under Multiple Biotic Interactions.

A study was carried out on the effect of the root endophytic fungus on plant systemic signal of defense related genes during fungal or nematode parasitism. Different biotic stress factors were examined, inoculating roots of dicot and monocot hosts with the endophyte, and measuring the expression of defense genes in leaves. A first greenhouse assay was carried out on expression of , , and in leaves of tomato cv Tondino inoculated with (CBS 120920), inoculating or not the roots of infected plants with DSM 26985.

Response of Tomato Rhizosphere Bacteria to Root-Knot Nematodes, Fenamiphos and Sampling Time Shows Differential Effects on Low Level Taxa.

A factorial taxonomic metabarcoding study was carried out to determine the effect of root-knot nematodes (, RKN) and the nematocide fenamiphos on the rhizosphere microbiome of tomato. Plants inoculated (or not) with RKN second-stage juveniles (J2), and treated (or not) with the nematocide, were tested in a 6 months greenhouse assay using a RKN-free soil proceeding from an organic crop. Rhizosphere soil was sampled at J2 inoculation, 3 months later (before the second nematocidal treatment), and again after 3 months.

Omics applications: towards a sustainable protection of tomato.

Transcriptome data and gene expression analysis have a huge potential in the study of multiple relationships involving plants, pathogens, and pests, including the interactions with beneficial microorganisms such as endophytes or other functional groups. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and other recent long-read-based sequencing approaches (i.e.

Transcriptomic Responses to Water Deficit and Nematode Infection in Mycorrhizal Tomato Roots.

Climate changes include the intensification of drought in many parts of the world, increasing its frequency, severity and duration. However, under natural conditions, environmental stresses do not occur alone, and, in addition, more stressed plants may become more susceptible to attacks by pests and pathogens. Studies on the impact of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis on tomato response to water deficit showed that several drought-responsive genes are differentially regulated in AM-colonized tomato plants (roots and leaves) during water deficit.

Time-dependent effects of Pochonia chlamydosporia endophytism on gene expression profiles of colonized tomato roots.

A transcriptome analysis was produced from tomato roots inoculated with the hyphomycete Pochonia chlamydosporia at three different times. Gene expression data were also yielded from fungus grown in vitro or endophytic. A next-generation sequencing (NGS) and network analysis approach were applied.

Screening and identification of horticultural soil fungi for their evaluation against the plant parasitic nematode Nacobbus aberrans.

The plant-parasitic nematode Nacobbus aberrans is an endoparasite causing severe losses to a wide range of crops from North to South America. The use of native antagonistic fungi may be considered as a possible biological control alternative to reduce the damages caused by this species. Antagonistic effects of 66 potential nematophagous fungi against eggs (J1) and second-stage juveniles (J2) of N.

Identification of tomato miRNAs responsive to root colonization by endophytic Pochonia chlamydosporia.

The molecular mechanisms active during the endophytic phase of the fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia are still poorly understood. In particular, few data are available on the links between the endophyte and the root response, as modulated by noncoding small RNAs. In this study, we describe the microRNAs (miRNAs) that are differentially expressed (DE) in the roots of tomato, colonized by P.

Influence of sub-lethal antioxidant doses, water potential and temperature on growth, sclerotia, aflatoxins and aflD (=nor-1) expression by Aspergillus flavus RCP08108.

Effects of interacting conditions of sub-lethal levels of antioxidants, water potential (Ψ) and temperature were evaluated on growth, sclerotial characteristics, aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) production and aflD (=nor-1) gene expression by Aspergillus flavus strain RCP08108. These studies were carried out on peanut meal extract agar osmotically modified to -2.8,-7.

Transcriptome analysis shows differential gene expression in the saprotrophic to parasitic transition of Pochonia chlamydosporia.

Expression profiles were identified in the fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia, a biological control agent of plant parasitic nematodes, through a cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism approach. Two isolates with different host ranges, IMI 380407 and IMI 331547, were assayed in conditions of saprotrophic-to-parasitic transition, through in vitro assays. Gene expression profiles from three different nutritional conditions and four sampling times were generated, with eggs of host nematodes Globodera pallida and Meloidogyne incognita.

Detection and quantification of Aspergillus section Flavi spp. in stored peanuts by real-time PCR of nor-1 gene, and effects of storage conditions on aflatoxin production.

Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus are the main species from section Flavi responsible for aflatoxin accumulation in stored peanuts. A real-time PCR (RT-PCR) system directed against the nor-1 gene of the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway as target sequence was applied to monitor and quantify Aspergillus section Flavi population in peanuts.

Cloning, Sequence, and Expression Analysis of a New MnSOD-Encoding Gene from the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita.

A gene encoding a manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) enzyme (Mi-mnsod) was identified and characterized in second-stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. The Mi-mnsod gene was found to possess five exons and four introns with (GT/AG) consensus splice-site junctions. The deduced amino acid sequence of Mi-mnsod encodes a putative 25 KDa protein, with conserved amino acid residues of the MnSOD family, including the Parker-Blake signature and four metal-binding sites.