Pembrolizumab in Vaginal Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Introduction: Vaginal cancer is a rare gynecologic malignancy. While in a localized disease, concurrent chemoradiation grants local control and better overall survival, in a metastatic setting, the management options are very limited. Furthermore, recurrent cervical, vulvar, and vaginal carcinomas notoriously develop resistance to treatment, and consequently, their prognosis is still poor.

Can immunohistochemistry improve the pathological diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders?

Purpose: The term of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorder includes all grades of abnormal placentation. It is crucial for pathologist provide standardized diagnostic assessment to evaluate the outcome of management strategies. Moreover, a correct and safe diagnosis is useful in the medico-legal field when it becomes difficult for the gynecologist to demonstrate the suitability and legitimacy of demolitive treatment.

Evidence for the expression of vasorin in the human female reproductive tissues.

To investigate the expression and localization of Vasorin (Vasn) in human female reproductive system. The presence of Vasorin was evaluated by RT-PCR and immunoblotting analyses in patient-derived endometrial, myometrial and granulosa cells (GCs) primary cultures. Immunostaining analyses were performed to detect Vasn localization in primary cultures and in ovarian and uterine tissues.

The Association of Four Natural Molecules-EGCG, Folic Acid, Vitamin B12, and HA-To Counteract HPV Cervical Lesions: A Case Report.

Precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix, due to HPV infections, are still today a great medical challenge. This clinical case highlighted the effectiveness of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), vitamin B12, folic acid, and hyaluronic acid (HA) in counteracting HPV lesions in a 39-year-old patient with a long history of viral persistence, cervical lesions of various degree, and several unsuccessful surgical approaches. After eight weeks of treatment, both the histological and cytological analyses revealed only a chronic cervicitis without any malignant lesions or cellular dysplasia, thus reducing the urgency of an invasive surgery, a total hysterectomy.

Chronic endometritis in recurrent implantation failure: Use of prednisone and IVF outcome.

In recurrent implantation failure patients (RIF), the main criteria for diagnosis of chronic endometritis, is the presence of plasma cells CD138 in endometrial biopsy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if treatment with prednisone, in patients with RIF and chronic endometritis, improve IVF outcome. A retrospective study was performed between 2019 and 2020.

Surgical treatment of deep endometriosis with adenomyosis externa: a challenging case in an infertile woman.

Objective: To describe the management and the fertility-enhancing potential of surgery in an infertile patient with deep-infiltrating endometriosis and adenomyosis externa.

Design: Video case report.

Setting: Minimally invasive and robotic gynecologic surgery unit of a university hospital.

Satisfaction with prophylactic risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in BRCA mutation carriers is very high and little dependent on the participants' characteristics at surgery: a prospective study.

Objective: BRCA carriers are recommended to undergo prophylactic risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO). Possible adverse health impacts of RRSO, particularly when done before natural menopause, can reduce the long-term satisfaction with this risk-reducing strategy. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the level of satisfaction of women undergoing RRSO, also in relation to some specific characteristics at RRSO.

TERT promoter methylation and protein expression as predictive biomarkers for recurrence risk in patients with serous borderline ovarian tumours.

Epithelial ovarian neoplasms can be divided into three distinct clinicopathological groups: benign, malignant and borderline tumours. Borderline tumours are less aggressive than epithelial carcinomas, with an indolent clinical course and delayed recurrence. However, a subset of these cases can progress to malignancy and relapse, and death from recurrent disease can occasionally occur.

MRI of placenta accreta: diagnostic accuracy and impact of interventional radiology on foetal-maternal delivery outcomes in high-risk women.

Objective: To assess accuracy and reproducibility of MRI diagnosis of invasive placentation (IP) in high-risk patients and to evaluate reliability of MRI features. Secondary aim was to evaluate impact of interventional radiology (IR) on delivery outcomes in patients with IP at MRI.

Methods: 26 patients (mean age 36.

Role of evaluating tumor‑infiltrating lymphocytes, programmed death‑1 ligand 1 and mismatch repair proteins expression in malignant mesothelioma.

The tumor immune microenvironment (TME) and immune checkpoints have been reported to serve a role in the pathogenesis of malignant mesothelioma (MM) and treatment outcome. Additionally, mismatch Repair (MMR) deficiency appears to enhance the response to checkpoints blockade in several tumors. The aim of the present study was to analyze programmed death‑1 ligand 1 (PD‑L1) expression in MM and to characterize the TME.

Increasing BMI is associated with both endometrioid and serous histotypes among endometrial rather than ovarian cancers: a case-to-case study.

Aim: Although obesity has been associated with endometrioid (type I) and, to a lesser extent, with serous (type II) endometrial cancer (EC), the association with the same histotypes of ovarian cancer (OC) remains unclear. Therefore, we intended to compare the role of BMI in carcinogenesis of endometrioid and the serous malignancies, at both ovarian and endometrial level.

Methods: A retrospective case-to-case study was performed in the University Hospital of Bologna (Italy), through the review of primary EC matched with the corresponding OC cases in the same period (1988-2017).

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma in a woman with bilateral ovarian serous borderline tumour: Potential interactions between the two diseases.

We report a case of a 59-year-old woman with peritoneal malignant mesothelioma and no previous exposure to asbestos with a diagnosis of bilateral ovarian serous borderline tumour with peritoneal implants one year before. We discuss the histopathological and immunohistochemical findings to explain possible and potential interactions between the two diseases. To our knowledge, the association of both serous borderline ovarian tumour and malignant peritoneal mesothelioma has never been described before in the same woman and in such a tight temporal connection.

Distinct DNA Methylation Profiles in Ovarian Tumors: Opportunities for Novel Biomarkers.

Aberrant methylation of multiple promoter CpG islands could be related to the biology of ovarian tumors and its determination could help to improve treatment strategies. DNA methylation profiling was performed using the Methylation Ligation-dependent Macroarray (MLM), an array-based analysis. Promoter regions of 41 genes were analyzed in 102 ovarian tumors and 17 normal ovarian samples.

The Association between Endometriomas and Ovarian Cancer: Preventive Effect of Inhibiting Ovulation and Menstruation during Reproductive Life.

Although endometriosis frequently involves multiple sites in the pelvis, malignancies associated with this disease are mostly confined to the ovaries, evolving from an endometrioma. Endometriomas present a 2-3-fold increased risk of transformation in clear-cell, endometrioid, and possibly low-grade serous ovarian cancers, but not in mucinous ovarian cancers. These last cancers are, in some aspects, different from the other epithelial ovarian cancers, as they do not appear to be decreased by the inhibition of ovulation and menstruation.

Glycaemic variability, infections and mortality in a medical-surgical intensive care unit.

Objective: In critically ill patients, glycaemic variability (GV) was reported as a better predictor of mortality than mean blood glucose level (BGL). We compared the ability of different GV indices and mean BGLs to predict mortality and intensive care unit-acquired infections in a population of ICU patients.

Design, Setting And Participants: Retrospective study on adult ICU patients with ≥ three BGL measurements.

The aPC treatment improves microcirculation in severe sepsis/septic shock syndrome.

Background: The role of recombinant activated protein C (aPC) during sepsis is still controversial. It showed anti-inflammatory effect and improved the microvascular perfusion in experimental models of septic shock. The present study was aimed at testing the hypothesis that recombinant aPC therapy improves the microcirculation during severe sepsis.

Effects of vasopressinergic receptor agonists on sublingual microcirculation in norepinephrine-dependent septic shock.

Introduction: The present study was designed to determine the effects of continuously infused norepinephrine (NE) plus (1) terlipressin (TP) or (2) arginine vasopressin (AVP) or (3) placebo on sublingual microcirculation in septic shock patients. The primary study end point was a difference of ≥ 20% in the microvascular flow index of small vessels among groups.

Methods: The design of the study was a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial.

Recombinant activated protein C treatment improves tissue perfusion and oxygenation in septic patients measured by near-infrared spectroscopy.

Introduction: The purpose was to test the hypothesis that muscle perfusion, oxygenation, and microvascular reactivity would improve in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock during treatment with recombinant activated protein C (rh-aPC) (n = 11) and to explore whether these parameters are related to macrohemodynamic indices, metabolic status or Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. Patients with contraindications to rh-aPC were used as a control group (n = 5).

Materials And Methods: Patients were sedated, intubated, mechanically ventilated, and hemodynamically monitored with the PiCCO system.

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix. A case report confirmed by FKHR break-apart rearrangement using a fluorescence in situ hybridization probe on paraffin-embedded tissues.

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is a very rare malignant soft tissue tumor found in the uterine cervix. In fact, to our knowledge, only 3 cases have previously been described in the literature. A 49-year-old premenopausal woman who had a history of vaginal bleeding underwent hysterectomy for multiple uterine nodules.