Psychometric properties and diagnostic performance of three dry eye questionnaires in Italian: OSDI, OSDI-6, and SPEED.

Significance: Psychometric questionnaires are highly valuable instruments in clinical practice as they make subjective symptoms easier to measure. Recently, a short version of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was developed, named OSDI-6.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties and compare the diagnostic criteria of three questionnaires, available in the Italian language, designed for assessing dry eye disease: Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED), OSDI-12, and specifically the new shortened version, OSDI-6.

Effects of brightness variations on a smartphone-based version of Radner reading charts.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the equivalence of smartphone-based measurements of near visual acuity under different screen brightness conditions with a standard near visual acuity test.

Methods: On a sample of 85 participants, we have evaluated near visual acuity with a smartphone-based version of the Radner reading chart at three distinct screen brightness levels. Results have been compared with those obtained with classical Radner paper charts.

Viewing distance and character size in the use of smartphones across the lifespan.

The use of smartphones has seen an extraordinary growth in recent years, thus the understanding of visual habits associated with the use of such devices across the lifespan is becoming important. In the present study we measured viewing distance and character size in a group of non-presbyopes (n = 157) and a group of presbyopes (n = 60) while participants read a simple text message on their smartphone. Results showed that non-presbyopes use shorter viewing distances as compared to presbyopes, a behavior causing a significantly higher accommodative demand.

Translation and validation of convergence insufficiency symptom survey to Italian: Psychometric results.

Purpose: This study aimed to translate the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) into the Italian language and assess psychometric properties of the translated questionnaire (CISS_I).

Methods: The CISS_I was arranged according to guidelines for a comprehensive multistep methodologic process for translating, adapting, and validating psychometric instruments in health care research. The CISS_I questionnaire was administered to 103 volunteers (21.

Italian translation, validation, and repeatability of Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) Questionnaire.

Purpose: The assessment of symptoms of dry eye disease using a questionnaire is an effective and simple method of quantifying symptoms. The aim of this study was to translate the SPEED questionnaire and adapt it for the Italian language and verify the main psychometric performance of the translated version, including repeatability and agreement.

Methods: The SPEED questionnaire was translated into Italian following a standard methodology.

Self-reported symptoms of mask-associated dry eye: A survey study of 3,605 people.

Purpose: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the widespread use of face masks was recommended as a key measure against the spread of SARS-CoV-2. A marked increase in dry eye symptoms among regular mask users was reported, but the prevalence of this condition has not been described in the literature yet. The aim of this observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was to measure self-reported symptoms of mask-associated dry eye in the general population and to identify factors influencing this condition.

Viewing distance of smartphones in presbyopic and non-presbyopic age.

Purpose: The aim of this cross-sectional observational study was to measure habitual viewing distance with smartphones in individuals of different ages, and to identify factors influencing viewing distance.

Material: Gender, reading position, forearm length, ametropia, correction modality, and near vision quality were investigated as factors affecting viewing distance. Participants were asked to read a typical text message on their own smartphone, while sitting and standing.

An Italian Translation and Validation of the near Activity Visual Questionnaire (NAVQ).

Purpose: To validate the Near Activity Vision Questionnaire (NAVQ) in Italian to allow the assessment of presbyopia corrections in Italian-speaking patients.

Methods: An Italian version of the NAVQ was arranged through several steps: an initial forward translation (from English to Italian), a backward translation (from Italian to English), and finally a consensual version to check against the original NAVQ. This prospective study enrolled native Italian-speaking presbyopic patients with corrected distance visual acuity of 0.

Design of short Italian sentences to assess near vision performance.

Purpose: To develop and validate 28 short Italian sentences for the construction of the Italian version of the Radner Reading Chart to simultaneously measure near visual acuity and reading speed.

Methods: 41 sentences were constructed in Italian language, following the procedure defined by Radner, to obtain "sentence optotypes" with comparable structure and with the same lexical and grammatical difficulty. Sentences were statistically selected and used in 211 normal, non-presbyopic, native Italian-speaking persons.