Zn-doped CaP coating equips Ti implants with corrosion resistance, biomineralization, antibacterial and immunotolerant activities.

Introduction: Chronic inflammation leading to implant failure present major challenges in orthopedics, dentistry, and reconstructive surgery. Titanium alloys, while widely used, often provoke inflammatory complications. Zinc (Zn)-doped calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings offer potential to enhance implant integration by improving corrosion resistance, bioactivity, and immunocompatibility.

Immunological aspects of necrotizing enterocolitis models: a review.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most devasting diseases affecting preterm neonates. However, despite a lot of research, NEC's pathogenesis remains unclear. It is known that the pathogenesis is a multifactorial process, including (1) a pathological microbiome with abnormal bacterial colonization, (2) an immature immune system, (3) enteral feeding, (3) an impairment of microcirculation, and (4) possibly ischemia-reperfusion damage to the intestine.

Dual RNA-seq in filarial nematodes and endosymbionts using RNase H based ribosomal RNA depletion.

Lymphatic filariasis is caused by parasitic nematodes and is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Many filarial worms contain the bacterium as an obligate endosymbiont. RNA sequencing is a common technique used to study their molecular relationships and to identify potential drug targets against the nematode and bacteria.

Distribution and abundance of tetraether lipid cyclization genes in terrestrial hot springs reflect pH.

Many Archaea produce membrane-spanning lipids that enable life in extreme environments. These isoprenoid glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) may contain up to eight cyclopentyl and one cyclohexyl ring, where higher degrees of cyclization are associated with more acidic, hotter or energy-limited conditions. Recently, the genes encoding GDGT ring synthases, grsAB, were identified in two Sulfolobaceae; however, the distribution and abundance of grs homologs across environments inhabited by these and related organisms remain a mystery.

Selective and Cascade Reporting of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Results and Its Impact on Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance-National Healthcare Safety Network, April 2020 to March 2021.

Selective or cascade reporting (SR/CR) of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results is a strategy for antimicrobial stewardship. SR/CR is often achieved by suppressing AST results of secondary drugs in electronic laboratory reports. We assessed the extent of SR/CR and its impact on cumulative antibiograms (CAs) in a large cohort of U.

Radiation Exposure Among Orthopaedic Trauma Surgeons: Deconstructing Commonly Held Myths and Misperceptions.

Objectives: To review and evaluate the validity of common perceptions and practices regarding radiation safety in orthopaedic trauma.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: Level 1 trauma center.

Comparison of reamed long and short intramedullary nail constructs in unstable intertrochanteric femur fractures: A biomechanical study.

Objectives: There is no definitive evidence to guide clinicians in their decision-making for implant choice regarding long or short intramedullary nails for unstable fracture patterns. Historically short nails were associated with higher rates of perisprothetic fractures which seem to have improved with newer designs. Long intramedullary nails have higher blood loss and time under anesthesia.

Percutaneous Fixation of Calcaneal Tuberosity Avulsion Fracture.

There are little data published regarding percutaneous fixation of calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fractures, but tongue-type calcaneal fracture literature can be extrapolated to these injuries because they can be considered the extra-articular form of a tongue-type calcaneus fracture. Both injuries involve similar considerations regarding skin compromise and need for urgent management with similar percutaneous techniques to minimize further soft-tissue injury. Percutaneous fixation of tongue-type calcaneus fractures was first reported by Weshues and Gissane in their description of the Essex Lopresti maneuver as an alternative to open approaches to minimize the risk of soft-tissue complications and flap necrosis and provide a means of improving reductions in smokers and diabetics who may not otherwise be good operative candidates.

Preoperative Planning for Percutaneous Transsacral, Transiliac Screws.

Percutaneous transsacral, transiliac screw placement is a well-described, well-established management option for unstable posterior pelvic ring injuries. Safe and effective placement of these screws relies on extensive preoperative planning and scrutiny of the preoperative images. Malpositioning of the implants risks injury to the surrounding neurovascular structures.

Distal Clavicle Fractures: Open Reduction and Internal Fixation With a Hook Plate.

Displaced distal clavicle fractures pose unique challenges because of their propensity for instability. In particular, type II fracture patterns are associated with high rates of nonunion with nonoperative management; therefore, surgical fixation is often recommended. Hook plate fixation has demonstrated reliably high rates of osseous union with good functional outcomes.

Vertical shear pelvic injury: evaluation, management, and fixation strategies.

Vertical shear pelvic ring fractures are rare and account for less than 1% of all fractures. Unlike severely displaced antero-posterior compression and lateral compression pelvic fractures, patients' mortality is lower. Nevertheless, patients must be managed acutely using well-defined ATLS protocols and institution-specific protocols for haemodynamically unstable pelvic ring fractures.

Spatial distribution of leprosy in India: an ecological study.

Background: As leprosy elimination becomes an increasingly realistic goal, it is essential to determine the factors that contribute to its persistence. We evaluate social and economic factors as predictors of leprosy annual new case detection rates within India, where the majority of leprosy cases occur.

Methods: We used correlation and linear mixed effect regressions to assess whether poverty, illiteracy, nighttime satellite radiance (an index of development), and other covariates can explain district-wise annual new case detection rate and Grade 2 disability diagnoses.

Correction: Short-term leprosy forecasting from an expert opinion survey.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Short-term leprosy forecasting from an expert opinion survey.

We conducted an expert survey of leprosy (Hansen's Disease) and neglected tropical disease experts in February 2016. Experts were asked to forecast the next year of reported cases for the world, for the top three countries, and for selected states and territories of India. A total of 103 respondents answered at least one forecasting question.

ORIF Patella Fracture With a Tension Band Construct.

Patellar fractures can occur as a result of direct or indirect injuries. Indirect injury is more common and occurs when the patella fails in tension when the force exerted by the extensor mechanism exceeds that of the bone. Common mechanism of indirect injury is rapid knee flexion with fully contracted quadriceps muscle.

Variation in Optimal Sagittal Alignment of the Femoral Component in Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Accurate sagittal alignment of the femoral component in total knee arthroplasty is crucial for prosthesis longevity, improved function, and patient satisfaction. However, there is variation in the techniques used to attain optimal sagittal femoral component placement in total knee arthroplasty. Femoral component flexion in imageless navigation is based on the mechanical axis rather than the distal femoral anatomy, and there is significant variability in the anatomy of the distal femur.

Atypical femur fractures in patients receiving bisphosphonate therapy: etiology and management.

Osteoporosis is a growing problem that is projected to affect more than 50% of American adults by 2020. Bisphosphonate therapy is currently the primary mode of treating osteoporosis in this population. While bisphosphonate therapy has been successful in increasing bone mineral density, data has shown an increased risk of atypical femur fractures with prolonged therapy.

Proceedings from Heart Rhythm Society's emerging technologies forum, Boston, MA, May 12, 2015.

Physicians are in an excellent position to significantly contribute to medical device innovation, but the process of bringing an idea to the bedside is complex. To begin to address these perceived barriers, the Heart Rhythm Society convened a forum of stakeholders in medical device innovation in conjunction with the 2015 Heart Rhythm Society Annual Scientific Sessions. The forum facilitated open discussion on medical device innovation, including obstacles to physician involvement and possible solutions.

Incidence of Hansen's Disease--United States, 1994-2011.

Hansen's disease (HD), or leprosy, is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae and is reportable in many states. It is a chronic disease affecting the skin and nerves, commonly presenting as pale or reddish skin patches with diminished sensation. Without treatment, it can progress to a severely debilitating disease with nerve damage, tissue destruction, and functional loss.