Investigation of laboratory methods for characterization of aquatic viruses in fish infected experimentally with infectious salmon anemia virus.

Rapid growth in aquaculture has resulted in high-density production systems in ecologically and geographically novel conditions in which the emergence of diseases is inevitable. Well-characterized methods for detection and surveillance of infectious diseases are vital for rapid identification, response, and recovery to protect economic and food security. We implemented a proof-of-concept approach for virus detection using a known high-consequence fish pathogen, infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV), as the archetypal pathogen.

Gene gun DNA immunization of cattle induces humoral and CD4 T-cell-mediated immune responses against the Theileria parva polymorphic immunodominant molecule.

Theileria parva kills over one million cattle annually in sub-Saharan Africa. Parasite genetic complexity, cellular response immunodominance, and bovine MHC diversity have precluded traditional vaccine development. One potential solution is gene gun (GG) immunization, which enables simultaneous administration of one or more DNA-encoded antigens.

Assessment and optimization of Theileria parva sporozoite full-length p67 antigen expression in mammalian cells.

Delivery of various forms of recombinant Theileria parva sporozoite antigen (p67) has been shown to elicit antibody responses in cattle capable of providing protection against East Coast fever, the clinical disease caused by T. parva. Previous formulations of full-length and shorter recombinant versions of p67 derived from bacteria, insect, and mammalian cell systems are expressed in non-native and highly unstable forms.

Serum antibodies from a subset of horses positive for Babesia caballi by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrate a protein recognition pattern that is not consistent with infection.

Tick-borne pathogens that cause persistent infection are of major concern to the livestock industry because of transmission risk from persistently infected animals and the potential economic losses they pose. The recent reemergence of Theileria equi in the United States prompted a widespread national survey resulting in identification of limited distribution of equine piroplasmosis (EP) in the U.S.

Gender differences in the relationship between parental report of self-regulation skills and adolescents' management of type 1 diabetes.

Objective: To examine the extent to which self-regulation skills of adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D), including executive functioning and emotion regulation, relate to treatment adherence and glycemic control.

Method: Participants were 109 adolescents aged 12-18 yr with TID and their primary caregiver who attended an outpatient appointment at a pediatric endocrinology clinic. Parents and adolescents completed a measure of treatment adherence.

Use of continuous glucose monitoring in young children with type 1 diabetes: implications for behavioral research.

Objective: This study presents data on the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in young children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). CGM provides moment-to-moment tracking of glucose concentrations and measures of intra- and interday variability, which are particularly salient measures in young children with T1DM.

Methods: Thirty-one children (mean age = 5.

Brief report: normative data on a structured interview for diabetes adherence in childhood.

Objective: This study provides normative data, divided by age and gender, for the Diabetes Self-Management Profile (DSMP), an empirically supported structured interview that assesses adherence with the type 1 diabetes treatment regimen. Despite wide use, normative data on the DSMP have yet to be reported.

Methods: The sample included 444 parents and 275 youth with type 1 diabetes.

Feeding problems reported by parents of young children with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy and their associations with children's glycemic control.

Objective: Previous research demonstrated high rates of perceived mealtime behavior problems in families of young children with type 1 diabetes who were managed with conventional therapy. Because of new insulin regimens that offer greater flexibility, reexamination of mealtime behaviors is required. We assessed parent-reported mealtime behaviors in a sample of young children using an insulin pump.

Validity and reliability of an adolescent and parent rating scale of type 1 diabetes adherence behaviors: the Self-Care Inventory (SCI).

Objective: Accurate assessment of diabetes regimen adherence behaviors in youth is a challenging endeavor and is limited by a paucity of empirically supported measures. The purpose of this research is to further demonstrate the validity and reliability of the Self-Care Inventory (SCI), a youth and parent report measure of adherence with diabetes self-care behaviors. The SCI was chosen given its ease of implementation, applicability to multiple diabetes regimens, and dual parent/youth formats.

Glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes: family predictors and mediators.

Objective: This study examined predictive and mediated relationships among youth perception of critical parenting, Child Behavior Checklist Externalizing Subscale (CBCL) externalizing problem scores, adherence, and (hemoglobin A(1c) HbA(1c)), in youth with type 1 diabetes from low socioeconomic status families.

Methods: Caregiver/youth dyads (n = 120) completed diabetes specific measures of family functioning regarding diabetes management and structured adherence interviews. Parents completed the CBCL, while assays of youth HbA(1c) were performed.

Observational assessment of family functioning in families with children who have type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus have a complex treatment regimen that includes insulin therapy and dietary requirements (e.g., matching insulin and carbohydrate intake).

Metabolic control and nocturnal enuresis in children with type 1 diabetes.

This study examined the relationship between metabolic control and enuresis in youths with type 1 diabetes. Participants were 203 youths with type 1 diabetes at an outpatient pediatric diabetes clinic. Outcome measures included HbA(lc), nocturia, blood glucose, polydipsia, frequency of daytime urination, and diabetic ketoacidosis.

The relation between family factors and metabolic control: the role of diabetes adherence.

Objectives: To examine family factors as predictors of metabolic control in children with type 1 diabetes and determine whether adherence behaviors mediate this relationship.

Method: Participants were 109 children (ages 8-18) and a parent. Measures of diabetes-specific family functioning and an adherence interview were completed.