A whole ecosystem approach to pear psyllid () management in a changing climate.

Whole ecosystem-based approaches are becoming increasingly common in pest management within agricultural systems. These strategies consider all trophic levels and abiotic processes within an ecosystem, including interactions between different factors. This review outlines a whole ecosystem approach to the integrated pest management of pear psyllid ( Linnaeus) within pear ( L.

The behavioural responses of bumblebees to simulated rain.

Bumblebee activity typically decreases during rainfall, putting them under the threat of the increased frequency of precipitation due to climate change. A novel rain machine was used within a flight arena to observe the behavioural responses of bumblebees () to simulated rain at both a colony and individual level. During rainfall, a greater proportion of workers left the arena than entered, the opposite of which was seen during dry periods, implying that they compensate for their lack of activity when conditions improve.

Functional and Behavioral Responses of the Natural Enemy to , at Different Temperatures.

Unlabelled: is the dominant predator of pear sucker () in the UK. migrates into orchards in spring or is introduced as a biocontrol agent, reaching peak population levels in July-August, contributing to effective control of summer pear sucker populations. However, due to temperature dependent development and metabolism there are concerns that populations or feeding rates may increase due to changing climatic conditions.