Correlates of upper and lower body muscular strength in children.

Despite the widespread use of and acceptance of muscular fitness field tests in national youth fitness test batteries, little is known about how these field tests compare to 1 repetition maximum (1RM) strength in children. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize and identify correlates of muscular strength in children 7 to 12 years of age. Ninety children (39 girls and 51 boys) between the ages of 6.

Depressive symptoms and changes in body weight exert independent and site-specific effects on bone in postmenopausal women exercising for 1 year.

Background: Lower bone mineral density (BMD) has been documented in clinically depressed populations, and depression is the second most common chronic medical condition in general medical practice. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether depressive symptoms, vitality, and body weight changes were related to 1-year BMD changes after accounting for covariates.

Methods: Healthy postmenopausal women (n=320; 40-65 years) were recruited, and 266 women completed the study.

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activities in hispanic and anglo postmenopausal women: associations with total and regional body fat.

Reverse cholesterol transport is one process by which high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has been hypothesized to play a role in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease. This study was designed to examine cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activities, 2 modulators of reverse cholesterol transport, in Hispanic and Anglo postmenopausal women. The associations between plasma CETP and LCAT activities and body composition were also examined.

Effects of exercise training and hormone replacement therapy on lean and fat mass in postmenopausal women.

Background: Menopause is associated with decreases in lean mass and increases in fat mass. Serum hormone levels and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may modify the effects of exercise training on body composition in postmenopausal women.

Methods: We assessed the changes in total body and regional lean soft tissue and fat mass (using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) in 94 sedentary postmenopausal women, aged 40-65 years, after 12 months of resistance and weight-bearing aerobic exercise training.

Body composition modulates the effects of hormone replacement therapy on growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I levels in postmenopausal women.

Objective: To examine the relationships of body composition with basal serum estrone, estradiol, androstenedione, cortisol, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels in 73 postmenopausal women.

Design: Cross-sectional study of hormone levels and body composition determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and anthropometry in women who were not taking oral hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and women taking HRT. Because high adiposity may modify hormone levels, subjects were grouped by fatness into obese (BMI >25 kg/m(2) and waist circumference >80 cm) and lean groups, as well as by HRT use.

Assessing the validity of body mass index standards in early postmenopausal women.

Objective: To examine the relationship between percentage of total body fat (%Fat) and body mass index (BMI) in early postmenopausal women and to evaluate the validity of the BMI standards for obesity established by the NIH.

Research Methods And Procedures: Three hundred seventeen healthy, sedentary, postmenopausal women (ages, 40 to 66 years; BMI, 18 to 35 kg/m(2); 3 to 10 years postmenopausal) participated in the study. Height, weight, BMI, and %Fat, as assessed by DXA, were measured.