Sexual Behavior Patterns and Condom Use in Newly Sexually Active Female University Students.

Our objective was to describe sexual behavior patterns and condom use in newly sexually active female university students. We conducted a 4-year retrospective cohort study (2000-2007) of university women enrolled close to sexual debut (N = 250). Participants reported daily information on intercourse, condom use, and partner/partnership characteristics into Web-based biweekly sexual behavior diaries.

Changes in DNA Level of Oncogenic Human Papillomaviruses Other Than Types 16 and 18 in Relation to Risk of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grades 2 and 3.

Background: Epidemiologic data addressing clinical relevance of viral load fluctuation of oncogenic types other than human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 are limited.

Methods: A type-stratified set of infections by non-HPV16/18 oncogenic types that were detected at ≥2 visits was randomly selected from women who were enrolled in a clinical trial and followed every 6 months for 2 years for detection of HPV and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3 (CIN2/3). Type-specific viral load was measured on both first and last HPV-positive cervical swab samples.

Type-dependent association between risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and viral load of oncogenic human papillomavirus types other than types 16 and 18.

Studies of the clinical relevance of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA load have focused mainly on HPV16 and HPV18. Data on other oncogenic types are rare. Study subjects were women enrolled in the atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) triage study who had ≥1 of 11 non-HPV16/18 oncogenic types detected during a 2-year follow-up at 6-month intervals.

Re-detection vs. new acquisition of high-risk human papillomavirus in mid-adult women.

To understand high-risk (hr) human papillomavirus (HPV) epidemiology in mid-adulthood, we assessed whether associations between incident detection of hrHPV DNA and recent sexual behavior differed according to whether or not there was serologic evidence of prior infection. From 2011 to 2012, we enrolled 409 women aged 30-50 years into a 6-month longitudinal study. We collected health and sexual behavior histories, enrollment sera for HPV antibody testing, and monthly self-collected vaginal swabs for HPV DNA genotyping.

Variant-specific persistence of infections with human papillomavirus Types 31, 33, 45, 56 and 58 and risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

In our previous study of the etiologic role of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types other than HPV16 and 18, we observed a significantly higher risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Grades 2-3 (CIN2/3) associated with certain lineages of HPV types 31/33/45/56/58 [called high-risk (HR) variants] compared with non-HR variants. This study was to examine whether these intra-type variants differ in persistence of the infection and persistence-associated risk of CIN2/3. Study subjects were women who had any of HPV types 31/33/45/56/58 newly detected during a 2-year follow-up with 6-month intervals.

Incident Detection of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infections in a Cohort of High-Risk Women Aged 25-65 Years.

Background: The risk of incident high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection associated with recent sexual behaviors is undefined in mid-adult women (defined as women aged 25-65 years).

Methods: Triannually, 420 female online daters aged 25-65 years submitted vaginal specimens for HPV testing and completed health and sexual behavior questionnaires. The cumulative incidence of and risk factors for incident HR-HPV detection were estimated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards methods.

Determinants of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Seroprevalence and DNA Prevalence in Mid-Adult Women.

Background: The epidemiology of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infections in mid-adult women is not well understood.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 379 women 30 to 50 years of age. Vaginal samples were tested for type-specific HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction.

Detection of Human Papillomavirus Infections at the Single-Cell Level.

Objective: To explore the possibility of single-cell analysis of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

Methods: Two hundred and twenty cells were isolated by laser capture microdissection from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded cervical tissue blocks from 8 women who had HPV DNA detected in their cervical swab samples. The number of type-specific HPV copies in individual cells was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction with and without a prior reverse transcription.

Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Detected in the Oral Cavity and Fingernails of Mid-Adult Women.

Background: Oral and fingernail human papillomavirus (HPV) detection may be associated with HPV-related carcinoma risk at these nongenital sites and foster transmission to the genitals. We describe the epidemiology of oral and fingernail HPV among mid-adult women.

Methods: Between 2011 and 2012, 409 women aged 30 to 50 years were followed up for 6 months.

Association of Human Papillomavirus 31 DNA Load with Risk of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grades 2 and 3.

The association between human papillomavirus 31 (HPV31) DNA loads and the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3 (CIN2-3) was evaluated among women enrolled in the atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) triage study (ALTS), who were monitored semiannually over 2 years and who had HPV31 infections detected at ≥1 visit. HPV31 DNA loads in the first HPV31-positive samples and in a random set of the last positive samples from women with ≥2 HPV31-positive visits were measured by a real-time PCR assay. CIN2-3 was histologically confirmed at the same time as the first detection of HPV31 for 88 (16.

Short-term natural history of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in mid-adult women sampled monthly.

Characterizing short-term HPV detection patterns and viral load may inform HPV natural history in mid-adult women. From 2011-2012, we recruited women aged 30-50 years. Women submitted monthly self-collected vaginal samples for high-risk HPV DNA testing for 6 months.

Lineages of oncogenic human papillomavirus types other than type 16 and 18 and risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Background: Data on clinical outcomes of infection with variants of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types other than HPV16 and HPV18 are rare. We investigated intratypic variations in non-HPV16/18 oncogenic types and their corresponding relationships with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2-3 (CIN2/3).

Methods: Study subjects were women who were positive for one or more of 11 non-HPV16/18 oncogenic types.

Would young women attending sexually transmitted disease clinics benefit from human papillomavirus vaccination? An assessment of human papillomavirus DNA and seropositivity from human papillomavirus sentinel surveillance, 2003-2005.

Background: There are limited data on the proportion who have been exposed to vaccine-type human papillomavirus (HPV) among women attending sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics; this information could inform the potential benefits of HPV vaccination for women attending this venue.

Methods: Human papillomavirus surveillance was conducted in STD clinics in Baltimore, MD; Boston, MA; Denver, CO; Los Angeles, CA; and Seattle, WA, among women receiving cervical cancer screening from January 2003 to December 2005. The women had specimens collected for cervical cytology HPV testing by L1 consensus polymerase chain reaction testing and serologic assessment for HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 using the competitive Luminex immunoassay.

Characterization of three novel human papillomavirus types isolated from oral rinse samples of healthy individuals.

Background: Despite the strong evidence of HPV infection as the etiological agent in a subset of oral cancer, oral α-HPV detection is rare in healthy individuals, and little is known of the existing of novel HPV types in oral cavity.

Objective: We determined whether novel HPV types can be isolated from oral rinse samples collected from healthy individuals.

Study Design: We performed rolling circle amplification (RCA) coupled with degenerated PCR assay on 48 oral rinse samples to amplify novel HPV types.

Viral load and short-term natural history of type-specific oncogenic human papillomavirus infections in a high-risk cohort of midadult women.

Oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) viral load may inform the origin of newly detected infections and characterize oncogenic HPV natural history in midadult women. From 2007 to 2011, we enrolled 521 25-65-year-old-female online daters and followed them triannually with mailed health and sexual behavior questionnaires and kits for self-sampling for PCR-based HPV DNA testing. Samples from oncogenic HPV positive women were selected for type-specific DNA load testing by real-time PCR with adjustment for cellularity.

High rates of incident and prevalent anal human papillomavirus infection among young men who have sex with men.

Background: There are few published estimates of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection rates among young men who have sex with men (YMSM).

Methods: We estimated incidence and prevalence of type-specific anal HPV infection using clinician-collected anal swabs for HPV DNA testing obtained during a 1-year prospective study of 94 YMSM (mean age, 21 years) in Seattle.

Results: Seventy percent of YMSM had any HPV infection detected during the study, and HPV-16 and/or -18 were detected in 37%.

Rates and determinants of oral human papillomavirus infection in young men.

Background: Little is known about the rates and determinants of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, an infection that is etiologically linked with oropharyngeal cancers.

Methods: A cohort of male university students (18-24 years) was examined every 4 months (212 men, 704 visits). Oral specimens were collected via gargle/rinse and swabbing of the oropharynx.

Prevalence and risk factors for oncogenic human papillomavirus infections in high-risk mid-adult women.

Background: The epidemiology of high-risk (hr) human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in mid-adult women with new sex partners is undefined.

Methods: We analyzed baseline data from 518 25- to 65-year-old women online daters. Women were mailed questionnaires and kits for self-collecting vaginal specimens for polymerase chain reaction-based hrHPV testing.

Evaluation of dry and wet transport of at-home self-collected vaginal swabs for human papillomavirus testing.

Our objective was to compare human papillomavirus (HPV) detection in paired self-collected vaginal samples transported by overnight mail in liquid specimen transport medium (STM) (wet) or in dry tubes (dry). Women aged 18-24 years were recruited online to self-collect vaginal swab samples at home for HPV testing and 159 women returned paired wet and dry samples. Dry samples were rehydrated with STM upon arrival at the laboratory.

Disclosure of genital human papillomavirus infection to female sex partners by young men.

A survey was administered to male university students who tested positive for high-risk human papillomavirus. Disclosure was more likely in men with fewer partners, in main partnerships, and in longer partnerships. Disclosure was associated with discussing the Pap test/human papillomavirus vaccine with female partners and not associated with a worsening relationship.

Persistence of newly detected human papillomavirus type 31 infection, stratified by variant lineage.

Variants of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 31 have been shown to be related both to risk of cervical lesions and racial composition of a population. It is largely undetermined whether variants differ in their likelihood of persistence. Study subjects were women who participated in the ASCUS-LSIL Triage Study and who had a newly detected HPV31 infection during a two-year follow-up with six-month intervals.

Association of human papillomavirus type 31 variants with risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2-3.

Although the lineages of human papillomavirus type 31 (HPV31) variants are recognized, their clinical relevance is unknown. The purpose of our study was to examine risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Grades 2-3 (CIN2/3) by HPV31 variants. Study subjects were women who participated in the atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion Triage Study and who had HPV31 infections detected at one or more visits.

Evidence of immune memory 8.5 years following administration of a prophylactic human papillomavirus type 16 vaccine.

Background: The duration of protection conferred by prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 virus-like particle vaccines is a critical determinant of their public health impact. A feature of vaccines that confer long-term immunity is their ability to induce immune memory.

Objectives: We evaluated antibody responses against HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 following administration of the quadrivalent HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccine to women who had previously received a monovalent HPV-16 vaccine.