Recommendations for Mental Health Chatbot Conversations: An Integrative Review.

Aim: To identify and synthesise recommendations and guidelines for mental health chatbot conversational design.

Design: Integrative review.

Methods: Suitable publications presenting recommendations or guidelines for mental health conversational design were included.

Understanding medication-related burden from patient perspectives: a qualitative study testing the applicability of the conceptual model among chronically ill outpatients in Finland.

Objectives: Disease self-management and medication therapy can cause burden to patients that can influence adherence. The conceptual model 'patients' lived experience with medicine' (PLEM) brings new insights into medication-related burden (MRB) from patient perspective. This study aimed to test the applicability of the PLEM model by interviewing chronically ill patients in Finland and to investigate the MRB experienced by the Finnish patients.

Effectiveness of Providing Information on Antipsychotic Medication to Patients with Psychotic Disorders: An Integrative Review.

The aim of this integrative literature review is to describe the information provided to patients with psychotic disorders regarding their medication and to consider the effectiveness of providing such information. Searches of four databases identified 16 articles that met inclusion criteria. Results indicated that patients had relatively poor knowledge about their medications overall.

The cultural meaning of Sámi language, costume, and food to the Sámi, from the perspective of well-being.

The Sámi people, a northern indigenous people, have a statutory right to receive social and health services, which should take cultural characteristics into consideration. Cultural sensitivity is integral to the ethical principles of social and health care; however, based on previous research, the Sámi's cultural rights have not been recognised. To reinforce their language rights and develop culturally sensitive health care, research is needed to determine what Sámi cultural characteristics mean to Sámi people's well-being.

Social support may prevent self-cutting in adolescence: A 5-year follow-up study.

Unlabelled: Self-cutting is common among adolescents. However, studies examining protective factors are rare. It has been suggested that social support may protect against self-cutting in adolescence.

A Bayesian network model to identify the associations between the use of seclusion in psychiatric care and nursing managers' attitudes towards containment methods.

What Is Known On The Subject: Seclusion is used frequently in psychiatric care, despite its potential adverse effects. Several programmes aiming to reduce the use of seclusion identify leadership and management as key strategies-however, studies concerning leaders and managers are missing.

What The Paper Adds To Existing Knowledge: Nursing managers' negative attitudes towards seclusion are associated with less use of the measure, and nursing managers' higher age is associated with increased use of seclusion.

Radiographic outcome of root canal treatment in general dental practice: tooth type and quality of root filling as prognostic factors.

Objective: This study evaluated the radiographic outcome of root canal treatments (RCTs) performed by general dental practitioners (GDPs) with focus on tooth type and quality of root filling.

Materials And Methods: The target population included all patients receiving root filling by GDPs in City of Helsinki in 2010-2011. Equal numbers of each tooth type (anteriors, premolars, molars) by jaw were included, resulting in 426 teeth.

Seclusion, restraint, and involuntary medication in Finnish psychiatric care: a register study with root-level data.

Despite potentially harmful effects, seclusion, restraint, and involuntary medication continue to be frequently applied in psychiatric care. These restrictive measures are often examined by means of registers, but homogeneous practices in the measurement and description seem to be missing. This nationwide register study aimed to examine the use of seclusion, mechanical and physical restraint, and involuntary medication in Finland.

Psychiatric nursing managers' attitudes towards containment methods in psychiatric inpatient care.

Aims: This research was conducted to examine psychiatric nursing managers' attitudes towards containment methods.

Background: Nursing management is regarded as a key issue in the reduction of coercion and containment. However, there has been little research on managers' attitudes towards containment methods.

Impact of systemic diseases and tooth-based factors on outcome of root canal treatment.

Aim: To investigate the impact of systemic health and tooth-based factors on the outcome of root canal treatment (RCT).

Methodology: The target population consisted of all patients receiving RCT at the Helsinki University Clinic in 2008-2011. The inclusion criteria were diagnosable pre- and postoperative (minimum 6 months after root filling) radiographs and adequate patient records of RCT available.

Psychiatric nursing staffs' attitudes towards the use of containment methods in psychiatric inpatient care: An integrative review.

One of the international objectives in psychiatric care is reducing the use of coercion. Containment methods are meant to keep patients safe, yet usually include coercion. Nurses play a key role in deciding whether or not containment should be used and, as such, their attitudes towards containment can significantly impact the extent to which these methods are applied.

Repeated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Induced Motor Evoked Potentials Correlate With the Subject-Specific Serum Metabolic Profile of Creatine.

Purpose: Transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced motor responses have been considered to mainly reflect the electrophysiological characteristics of the central motor system. However, certain motor phenomena, such as the magnitude of repetition suppression measured with motor evoked potentials (MEPs), could also in part be influenced by metabolic processes in the peripheral muscles and in both the peripheral and central nervous system. Repetition suppression is an inhibitory phenomenon in which the amplitude of MEP decreases in comparison to that of the first MEP in a train of transcranial magnetic stimulation pulses.

Impact of type of tooth on outcome of non-surgical root canal treatment.

Objectives: We assessed the impact of type of tooth on the outcome of root canal treatment (RCT) according to factors potentially weakening the prognosis such as preoperative apical periodontitis (AP) and treatment modality (primary or secondary RCT).

Materials And Methods: We scrutinized patient documents including pre- and postoperative radiographs of 640 permanent teeth receiving non-surgical RCT at Helsinki University Clinic in 2008-2011. Of teeth, 44% were molars, 32% premolars, and 24% anterior teeth.

Changes in the serum metabolite profile correlate with decreased brain gray matter volume in moderate-to-heavy drinking young adults.

Our aim was to analyze metabolite profile changes in serum associated with moderate-to-heavy consumption of alcohol in young adults and to evaluate whether these changes are connected to reduced brain gray matter volumes. These study population consisted of young adults with a 10-year history of moderate-to-heavy alcohol consumption (n = 35) and light-drinking controls (n = 27). We used the targeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method to measure concentrations of metabolites in serum, and 3.

Association of the N100 TMS-evoked potential with attentional processes: A motor cortex TMS-EEG study.

The most thoroughly studied transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked electroencephalogram (EEG) potential (TEP), N100, is often defined as a measure of cortical inhibition. We explored the association of the N100 amplitude with attention in 51 young healthy adults. Navigated TMS with simultaneous EEG registering was applied over the left primary motor cortex at the intensity of 110% of the resting motor threshold.

Heavy alcohol use in adolescence is associated with altered cortical activity: a combined TMS-EEG study.

Long-term alcohol use affects cognitive and neurophysiological functioning as well as structural brain development. Combining simultaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) recording with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) enables direct, in vivo exploration of cortical excitability and assessment of effective and functional connectivity. In the central nervous system, the effects of alcohol are particularly mediated by alterations in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurotransmission, and TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs) N45 and N100 in EEG are known to reflect GABAergic function.

Alcohol consumption during adolescence is associated with reduced grey matter volumes.

Background And Aims: Cognitive impairment has been associated with excessive alcohol use, but its neural basis is poorly understood. Chronic excessive alcohol use in adolescence may lead to neuronal loss and volumetric changes in the brain. Our objective was to compare the grey matter volumes of heavy- and light-drinking adolescents.

[Current Care Guideline: Eating disorders].

Early diagnosis with intervention is linked to better outcome. In primary care patients in risk for eating disorder should be screened and actively asked about eating disorder symptoms. Treatment is mainly out-patient care and should first be focused on gaining a normal nutritional status.

Psychosocial problems in adolescents associated with frequent health care use.

Background: The prevalence of somatic, mental and behavioural problems increases in puberty. Nevertheless, compared to adults, health service utilization by adolescents, and associated factors such as risky health behaviours, have been poorly explored. In order to improve health care services, there is a need for further research on adolescents frequently using primary health care.

Sample selection may bias the outcome of an adolescent mental health survey: results from a five-year follow-up of 4171 adolescents.

Objectives: The representativeness of the data is one of the main issues in evaluating the significance of research findings. Dropping out is common in adolescent mental health research, and may distort the results. Nevertheless, very little is known about the types of systematic bias that may affect studies in a) the informed consent phase and b) later in follow-up phases.

Self-reported emotional and behavioral problems in Nepalese adolescents from urban and rural areas.

In this study, the prevalence of self-reported emotional/behavioral problems and the association of problem scales scores with demographic factors among 12-18 year old adolescents (n = 408) selected from urban and rural areas of the Western Developmental Region of Nepal, are discussed. The emotional/behavioral problems were assessed by the Youth Self-Report questionnaire. Girls had higher scores than boys for anxiety/depression, while boys had higher scores for delinquent behavior.

Alcohol use among adolescents, aggressive behaviour, and internalizing problems.

Alcohol use is common among adolescents, but its association with behavioural and emotional problems is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate how self-reported psychosocial problems were associated with the use of alcohol in a community sample consisting of 4074 Finnish adolescents aged 13-18 years. Aggressive behaviour associated with alcohol use and a high level of alcohol consumption, while internalizing problems did not associate with alcohol use.

Factors helping adolescents to stop self-cutting: descriptions of 347 adolescents aged 13-18 years.

Aims And Objectives: To describe the factors contributing to the stopping of self-cutting among 13-18-year-old Finnish adolescents from the personal perspective of the adolescents.

Background: Self-cutting is quite common among adolescents. However, adolescents' personal descriptions of what helped them to stop self-cutting have not previously been investigated.

Adolescent self-cutting elsewhere than on the arms reveals more serious psychiatric symptoms.

Self-cutting as a form of self-harm is a common and multifaceted phenomenon among adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the location of self-cutting (arms or other areas of the body) could help to assess the severity of the underlying psychiatric problems. A sample of adolescents who reported self-cutting (n = 440) was drawn from a large sample of community adolescents (n = 4,019).

Helping self-mutilating adolescents: descriptions of Finnish nurses.

This study focused on the views of Finnish nurses in regards to providing help for adolescents who self-mutilate. Nine nurses participated, and when the interviews and written descriptions were qualitatively analysed, four main categories of information emerged. The first category comprises the nurses' views on self-mutilation.