Value Cocreation and Codestruction in Digital Health Services: Protocol for a Systematic Review.

Background: To successfully design, develop, implement, and deliver digital health services that provide value, they should be cocreated with patients. However, occasionally, the value may also be codestructed. In the field of health care, the concepts of value cocreation and codestruction still need to be better established within emerging digital health services.

Odor identification and progression to dementia: The role of odor characteristics and set size.

Introduction: We evaluated short versions of a 16-item odor identification (OID) test, with regard to their ability to identify individuals at high dementia risk.

Methods: Participants from the population-based SNAC-K study ( = 2418) were followed across 12 years. We formed 13 abbreviated clusters based on the identifiability and perceptual characteristics of the Sniffin' Sticks Test (SST) items, and pre-existing test versions.

Association Between Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: Research suggests that physical activity (PA) improves cognitive function across various domains. However, the specific role of different PA measures, including step count, remains to be explored. Our aim was to assess the correlation between objectively measured PA and cognitive function.

Older adults' preferences in the utilization of digital health and social services: a qualitative analysis of responses to open-ended questions.

Background: While digital health and social services offer promising solutions, they often overlook the perspectives and needs of older adults. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the preferences of older adults regarding the use and development of digital health and social services.

Methods: The survey spanned from 19 March to 31 March 2023.

Lifestyle, biological, and genetic factors related to brain iron accumulation across adulthood.

Iron is necessary for many neurobiological mechanisms, but its overaccumulation can be harmful. Factors triggering age-related brain iron accumulation remain largely unknown and longitudinal data are insufficient. We examined associations between brain iron load and accumulation and, blood markers of iron metabolism, cardiovascular health, lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, diet), and ApoE status using longitudinal data from the IronAge study (n = 208, age = 20-79, mean follow-up time = 2.

The effectiveness of digital solutions in improving nurses' and healthcare professionals' mental well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Widespread challenges to mental well-being among nurses and healthcare professionals threaten the productivity and quality of healthcare. Digital solutions may prove to effectively support nurses' and healthcare professionals' mental well-being.

Aim: To synthesise evidence regarding the effectiveness of digital solutions in improving nurses' and healthcare professionals' mental well-being.

Lung function in relation to brain aging and cognitive transitions in older adults: A population-based cohort study.

Background: We investigated the association of peak expiratory flow (PEF) with dementia; cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND); and transition from CIND to dementia, and possible underlying neuropathological mechanisms.

Methods: A population-based cohort of adults aged 60+ was followed over 15 years to detect dementia (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria), CIND (assessed through a cognitive battery), and progression from CIND to dementia, in relation to baseline PEF observations. A subsample (n = 462) had 6-year follow-up data on brain magnetic resonance imaging markers of neurodegeneration and small vessel disease.

Association of cognitive reserve with transitions across cognitive states and death in older adults: A 15-year follow-up study.

Introduction: We investigated the association of cognitive reserve (CR) with transitions across cognitive states and death.

Methods: This population-based cohort study included 2631 participants (age ≥60 years) who were dementia-free at baseline and regularly examined up to 15 years. Data were analyzed using the Markov multistate models.

The lifestyle for brain health index, the cluster of differentiation 33 (CD33) gene, and cognitive function among rural Chinese older adults: A population-based study.

Background: We sought to examine the associations of the Lifestyle for Brain Health (LIBRA) index with cognitive function among rural Chinese older adults and to explore the potential role of cluster of differentiation 33 gene (CD33) in the associations.

Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study included 4914 dementia-free participants (age ≥60 years; 56.43 % women) in the 2018 baseline examination of MIND-China.

Predictors of cognitive aging profiles over 15 years: A longitudinal population-based study.

The present study aimed to characterize profiles of cognitive aging and how these can be predicted from interindividual differences in demographic, lifestyle, health, and genetic factors. The participants were 1,966 older adults (mean baseline age = 71.6 years; 62.

Social health and subsequent cognitive functioning in people aged 50 years and older: examining the mediating roles of depressive symptoms and inflammatory biomarkers in two European longitudinal studies.

Background: Social health markers, including marital status, contact frequency, network size, and social support, have been shown to be associated with cognition. However, the mechanisms underlying these associations remain poorly understood. We investigated whether depressive symptoms and inflammation mediated associations between social health and subsequent cognition.

Cardiometabolic disease, cognitive decline, and brain structure in middle and older age.

Introduction: The presence of multiple cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) has been linked to increased dementia risk, but the combined influence of CMDs on cognition and brain structure across the life course is unclear.

Methods: In the UK Biobank, 46,562 dementia-free participants completed a cognitive test battery at baseline and a follow-up visit 9 years later, at which point 39,306 also underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging. CMDs (diabetes, heart disease, and stroke) were ascertained from medical records.

Change in cardiovascular health and rate of cognitive decline in older adults: a 15-year population-based study.

Background: Previous research on associations between cardiovascular health, measured at a single timepoint, and rate of age-related cognitive decline shows divergent findings dependent on the participants' age and the health metric studied. The aim of this study was to add to the knowledge in this field by investigating whether change in cardiovascular health, assessed with Life's Simple 7 (LS7) score, is associated with rate of cognitive change in young-old and old-old adults.

Methods: The study included 1022 participants aged ≥ 60 years from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care-Kungsholmen (SNAC-K), who underwent repeated neuropsychological testing (episodic memory, semantic memory, verbal fluency, and perceptual speed) across up to 15 years.

Long-term exposure to transportation noise in relation to global cognitive decline and cognitive impairment: Results from a Swedish longitudinal cohort.

Background And Aims: Transportation noise is an environmental exposure with mounting evidence of adverse health effects. Besides the increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, recent studies suggest that long-term noise exposure might accelerate cognitive decline in older age. We examined the association between transportation noise and cognitive function in a cohort of older adults.

Impact of digital services on healthcare and social welfare: An umbrella review.

Background: Digital services can be effective and cost-efficient options for treating non-communicable diseases, but generalizability is limited due to heterogeneous treatment effects. This umbrella review aims to evaluate the impact of digital services on population health, costs, and patient and healthcare professional satisfaction, and to identify facilitators and barriers to using digital services in healthcare and social welfare.

Methods: The protocol of the study was registered on the 4th of September 2022 to the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, PROSPERO (CRD42022355635).

Trajectories of olfactory identification preceding incident mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a longitudinal study.

Background: The pattern of olfactory identification change in the early phases of dementing disorders is unclear. We aimed to assess olfactory identification trajectories preceding incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia and explore the role of brain pathologies in these trajectories.

Methods: Within the Rush Memory and Aging Project, 1318 dementia-free older adults were followed annually for up to 11 years.

Associations of Orthostatic Hypotension and Frailty With Dementia and Mortality in Older Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: This study aimed to assess the associations of orthostatic hypotension (OH), in the presence or absence of frailty, with dementia and mortality in older adults.

Methods: We conducted a 15-year population-based cohort study including 2 703 baseline dementia-free individuals from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen. At baseline, OH was defined as a decline in systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥20/10 mm Hg 1 minute after standing up from a supine position.

Association of mild and complex multimorbidity with structural brain changes in older adults: A population-based study.

Introduction: We quantified the association of mild (ie, involving one or two body systems) and complex (ie, involving ≥3 systems) multimorbidity with structural brain changes in older adults.

Methods: We included 390 dementia-free participants aged 60+ from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and after 3 and/or 6 years. Using linear mixed models, we estimated the association between multimorbidity and changes in total brain tissue, ventricular, hippocampal, and white matter hyperintensities volumes.

Sleep disturbances and change in multiple cognitive domains among older adults: a multicenter study of five Nordic cohorts.

Study Objectives: We examined and compared cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between self-reported sleep disturbances and various cognitive domains in five separate Nordic European longitudinal aging studies (baseline N = 5631, mean age = 77.7, mean follow-up = 4.16 years).

The effects of digitalisation on health and social care work: a qualitative descriptive study of the perceptions of professionals and managers.

Background: Today, digitalisation is strongly present in health and social care, and it increasingly affects the organisation of work, work requirements, tasks and tools. Due to the constant change in work, up-to-date knowledge is needed about these micro-level effects of digitalisation and how professionals experience the effects in their work. Furthermore, even though managers play a key role in implementing new digital services, their perceptions of the effects of digitalisation and whether they match the views of professionals remain unknown.

Multimorbidity patterns and 18-year transitions from normal cognition to dementia and death: A population-based study.

Background: Several chronic diseases accelerate cognitive decline; however, it is still unknown how different patterns of multimorbidity influence individuals' trajectories across the cognitive continuum.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the impact of multimorbidity and of specific multimorbidity patterns on the transitions across cognitive stages (normal cognition, cognitive impairment, no dementia [CIND], dementia) and death.

Methods: We included 3122 dementia-free individuals from the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen.