Trauma-Related Shame: An Evolutionary Concept Analysis.

Background: Feelings of shame after interpersonal assault directly impact survivor well-being. Although the concept of trauma-related shame has been well defined and applied in psychology, the direct application to nursing care for victims of sexual assault is unclear.

Objective: The aim of this study was to perform an interdisciplinary concept analysis to clarify and synthesize the concept of trauma-related shame as it relates to interpersonal assault.

"It was classed as a nonemergency": Women's experiences of kidney disease and preconception decision-making, family planning, and parenting in the United Kingdom during COVID-19.

Objectives: To investigate the experiences of women with kidney disease, residing in the United Kingdom (UK), living through the first 18 months of the COVID-19 pandemic with specific focus on preconception decision-making, family planning, and parenting.

Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study, comprising an online survey and follow-up interviews, with UK-resident women aged 18-50.

Results: We received 431 surveys and conducted 30 interviews.

Devaluation of response-produced safety signals reveals circuits for goal-directed versus habitual avoidance in dorsal striatum.

Active avoidance responses (ARs) are instrumental behaviors that prevent harm. Adaptive ARs may contribute to active coping, whereas maladaptive avoidance habits are implicated in anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders. The AR learning mechanism has remained elusive, as successful avoidance trials produce no obvious reinforcer.

Reduced Motivation in Perinatal Fluoxetine-Treated Mice: A Hypodopaminergic Phenotype.

Early life is a sensitive period, in which enhanced neural plasticity allows the developing brain to adapt to its environment. This plasticity can also be a risk factor in which maladaptive development can lead to long-lasting behavioral deficits. Here, we test how early-life exposure to the selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitor (SSRI), fluoxetine, affects motivation, and dopaminergic signaling in adulthood.

Reducing shock imminence eliminates poor avoidance in rats.

In signaled active avoidance (SigAA), rats learn to suppress Pavlovian freezing and emit actions to remove threats and prevent footshocks. SigAA is critical for understanding aversively motivated instrumental behavior and anxiety-related active coping. However, with standard protocols ∼25% of rats exhibit high freezing and poor avoidance.

Novel Bartonella agent as cause of verruga peruana.

While studying chronic verruga peruana infections in Peru from 2003, we isolated a novel Bartonella agent, which we propose be named Candidatus Bartonella ancashi. This case reveals the inherent weakness of relying solely on clinical syndromes for diagnosis and underscores the need for a new diagnostic paradigm in developing settings.

Roles of genes 38, 39, and 40 in shutoff of host biosyntheses during infection of Bacillus subtilis by bacteriophage SPO1.

A nonsense mutation in SPO1 gene 40 prevented normal shutoff of both host DNA and host RNA synthesis, showing that gp40 is required for the normal occurrence of both shutoffs. A gene 39 nonsense mutation caused accelerated shutoff of both host DNA and host RNA synthesis (aided by a gene 38 nonsense mutation), showing that gp39 (aided by gp38) limits the rate at which both shutoffs occur. The 40(-) mutation suppressed the accelerative effects of the 39(-) and 38(-) mutations, showing that gp40 also plays an essential role in the accelerated shutoffs.

Hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal intolerance when healthy volunteers taking rifampin add twice-daily atazanavir and ritonavir.

Background: Rifampin is the cornerstone of antituberculosis therapy, but induction of hepatic cytochrome P4503A by rifampin markedly lowers HIV protease inhibitor plasma concentrations.

Methods: This phase 1, open-label, one-arm study was designed to assess pharmacokinetic interactions and safety of atazanavir, ritonavir, and rifampin among 14 evaluable HIV-seronegative volunteers. The study included 3 sequential periods of study drug dosing, with plasma sampling for pharmacokinetic analyses to occur on the last day of each period.

Ray and van cittert-zernike characterization of spatial coherence.

We discuss a ray and a van Cittert-Zernike characterization of spatial coherence in condensers for projection systems. We present a rule of thumb with which to estimate the modulus of the coherence function at a given point of the illuminated object and a ray-tracing methodology with which to determine this modulus. For uniform illumination of the pupil we relate the modulus of the coherence function and the pupil-filling factor.

Development, validation and application of a chemiluminescent immunoassay for the measurement of circulating chorionic gonadotropin levels in the laboratory macaque.

Background: Methods for the measurement of chorionic gonadotropin for pregnancy detection in laboratory macaques chorionic gonadotropin (mCG) have been limited by the paucity of specific reagents. Current assays use reagents developed for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) assays and have been limited to radio- or enzyme-immuno assays.

Methods: This report describes an automated assay for mCG using reagents for hCG detection that has been adapted to the automated chemiluminescence platform of the Bayer ACS-180 autoanalyzer.

Synthesis, characterization, and biomimetic chemistry of cis-oxosulfidomolybdenum(VI) complexes stabilized by an intramolecular Mo(O)=S...S interaction.

The reactions of jade-green Tp*MoIVO(S2PR2) [Tp* = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate; R = Et, Pri, Ph] with propylene sulfide produce ochre-red Tp*MoVIOS{SP(S)R2}. The complexes have been characterized by microanalysis, mass spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry, spectroscopy (IR, NMR, UV-vis, and X-ray absorption), and X-ray crystallography. The distorted-octahedral isopropyl and phenyl derivatives feature a tridentate fac-Tp* ligand, a terminal oxo ligand, and a unique five-membered Mo(=S){SP(=S)R2 ring moiety formed by a weak, intramolecular, bonding interaction between the Mo=S1 and (uncoordinated) S3=P moieties.

Cellular expression and hormonal regulation of neuropilin-1 and -2 messenger ribonucleic Acid in the human and rhesus macaque endometrium.

Although much is known about the biology of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its cognate receptors (VEGFRs), VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, little is known about the roles of the VEGFRs neuropilin (NP)-1 and NP-2 in the primate endometrium. In this study, we investigated the cellular localization and hormonal regulation of NP-1 and NP-2 mRNA by in situ hybridization in the endometrium of ovariectomized, hormonally cycled rhesus macaques and women during the natural menstrual cycle. NP-1 mRNA was highly expressed in vascular endothelium and in stromal cells, but in these cells, NP-1 expression did not change during the menstrual cycle.

Contribution of ovarian steroid production to urinary estrone conjugate concentrations in Macaca mulatta.

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that basal estrone conjugate (E1C) profiles do not accurately detect ovarian function when ovarian estrogen production is low or absent. We employed surgical removal of active ovaries from laboratory rhesus macaques to simulate an acute decline in ovarian estrogen production. In the first experiment, urine samples collected prior to and following ovariectomy (Ovx) were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation.

The effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on chorionic gonadotrophin activity in pregnant macaques.

As many as 62% of all human conceptions are lost prior to 12 weeks of pregnancy and it is unknown how many of these losses result from environmental hazards. Previous studies have shown that single doses of 1, 2, and 4 microg/kg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) administrated orally to cynomolgus macaques during the peri-implantation period leads to early fetal loss (EFL) within 10-20 days. TCDD induced EFL is associated with a reduction in the biological activity of monkey chorionic gonadotrophin (mCG) but no change in the immunoreactive mCG profile.

Mild testicular hyperthermia induces profound transitional spermatogenic suppression through increased germ cell apoptosis in adult cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).

We have previously demonstrated that mild testicular hyperthermia induces stage-specific and germ cell-specific apoptosis in rat and mouse testes. The objectives of this pilot study were to examine whether mild testicular hyperthermia induces azoospermia and oligozoospermia in nonhuman primates, and to determine whether spermatogenesis suppression was due to acceleration of germ cell apoptosis. Three adult Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were used in this study.

Epidemiology of endemic Bartonella bacilliformis: a prospective cohort study in a Peruvian mountain valley community.

Bartonella bacilliformis has caused debilitating illness since pre-Incan times, but relatively little is known about its epidemiology. A population-based, prospective cohort investigation was conducted in a Peruvian community with endemic bartonellosis. By use of house-to-house and hospital surveillance methods, cohort participants were monitored for evidence of bartonellosis.

Comparison of chorionic gonadotropin expression in human and macaque (Macaca fascicularis) trophoblasts.

We have designed novel DNA primers that allow us to detect the expression of the subunits of chorionic gonadotropin (CG) from a variety of species of the order Primates. Using these primers, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and standard cloning techniques, we detected the expression of a single gene for the common glycoprotein hormone (GPH) alpha-subunit and at least two genes for the CG beta-subunit in trophoblasts of Macaca fascicularis (cynomolgous macaque (cm)) at gestational day (GD) = 26 (+/- 2d). No cmCG expression was detected at GD = 35-40.

Noninstrumented enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay for detection of early pregnancy in macaques.

A practical, noninstrumented enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (NELISA) for the measurement of urinary monkey chorionic gonadotropin (mCG) has been developed for the detection of early pregnancy in macaque monkeys for use in both the laboratory and the field. Five rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and six crab-eating monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were tested for the presence of mCG in urine on gestational days (GDs) 12 to 35. The mCG NELISA detected pregnancy as early as GD 14, with an average earliest detection at GD 16.

Serodiagnosis of Bartonella bacilliformis infection by indirect fluorescence antibody assay: test development and application to a population in an area of bartonellosis endemicity.

Bartonella bacilliformis causes bartonellosis, a potentially life-threatening emerging infectious disease seen in the Andes Mountains of South America. There are no generally accepted serologic tests to confirm the disease. We developed an indirect fluorescence antibody (IFA) test for the detection of antibodies to B.

Elucidation of a monovalent cation dependence and characterization of the divalent cation binding site of the fosfomycin resistance protein (FosA).

The fosfomycin resistance protein FosA is a member of a distinct superfamily of metalloenzymes containing glyoxalase I, extradiol dioxygenases, and methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase. The dimeric enzyme, with the aid of a single mononuclear Mn2+ site in each subunit, catalyzes the addition of glutathione (GSH) to the oxirane ring of the antibiotic, rendering it inactive. Sequence alignments suggest that the metal binding site of FosA is composed of three residues: H7, H67, and E113.

Application of an enzyme immunoassay for urinary follicle-stimulating hormone to describe the effects of an acute stressor at different stages of the menstrual cycle in female laboratory macaques.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for human urinary beta follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) subunit was validated for use in the laboratory macaque (Macaca mulatta and Macaca fasicularis). This ELISA is based on the dissociation of the FSH heterodimer in urine and the subsequent measurement of the beta subunit as a representation of total urinary FSH. This assay was then used to describe the gonadotropin escape following ovarian senescence in post-menopausal macaques.