Moderate Alcohol Use Is Associated with Reduced Cardiovascular Risk in Middle-Aged Men Independent of Health, Behavior, Psychosocial, and Earlier Life Factors.

We examined whether the often-reported protective association of alcohol with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk could arise from confounding. Our sample comprised 908 men (56−67 years), free of prevalent CVD. Participants were categorized into 6 groups: never drinkers, former drinkers, and very light (1−4 drinks in past 14 days), light (5−14 drinks), moderate (15−28 drinks), and at-risk (>28 drinks) drinkers.

Circulating free testosterone and risk of aggressive prostate cancer: Prospective and Mendelian randomisation analyses in international consortia.

Previous studies had limited power to assess the associations of testosterone with aggressive disease as a primary endpoint. Further, the association of genetically predicted testosterone with aggressive disease is not known. We investigated the associations of calculated free and measured total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with aggressive, overall and early-onset prostate cancer.

Alcohol use and cognitive aging in middle-aged men: The Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging.

Objective: To determine associations of alcohol use with cognitive aging among middle-aged men.

Method: 1,608 male twins (mean 57 years at baseline) participated in up to three visits over 12 years, from 2003-2007 to 2016-2019. Participants were classified into six groups based on current and past self-reported alcohol use: lifetime abstainers, former drinkers, very light (1-4 drinks in past 14 days), light (5-14 drinks), moderate (15-28 drinks), and at-risk drinkers (>28 drinks in past 14 days).

Markers of Kidney Function and Longitudinal Cognitive Ability Among Older Community-Dwelling Adults: The Rancho Bernardo Study.

Background: Reduced kidney function has been associated with cognitive decline. Most studies have examined a single marker of kidney function and have limited duration of follow-up.

Objective: This study evaluated associations between markers of kidney function (urine albumin, estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], and hyperuricemia) with cognitive performance over time.

Dietary Potassium Intake and 20-Year All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults: The Rancho Bernardo Study.

We examined the association between dietary potassium intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among community-dwelling older adults. Potassium intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire administered to 1,363 older adults (mean age 71.0 ± 10.

Dual impairments in visual and hearing acuity and age-related cognitive decline in older adults from the Rancho Bernardo Study of Healthy Aging.

Background: We examined the associations between dual impairments in visual and hearing acuity and aging-related cognitive decline.

Methods: This was a longitudinal study of adults who had visual and hearing acuity and cognitive function assessed in 1992-1996 and were followed for up to 24 years (mean = 7.3 years), with up to five additional cognitive assessments.

Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Incident Cardiovascular Diseases.

Importance: It is uncertain whether depressive symptoms are independently associated with subsequent risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

Objective: To characterize the association between depressive symptoms and CVD incidence across the spectrum of lower mood.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A pooled analysis of individual-participant data from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (ERFC; 162 036 participants; 21 cohorts; baseline surveys, 1960-2008; latest follow-up, March 2020) and the UK Biobank (401 219 participants; baseline surveys, 2006-2010; latest follow-up, March 2020).

Endogenous Testosterone Levels and the Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Events in Elderly Men: The MrOS Prospective Study.

Context: Observational studies show discordant links between endogenous testosterone levels and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Objective: We assessed whether sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) are associated with CVD in community-dwelling elderly men.

Design Setting And Participants: Prospective study of incident CVD among 552 men ≥ 65 years in the MrOS Sleep Study without prevalent CVD and no testosterone therapy at baseline.

Association between soft drink consumption and osteoporotic fractures among postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative.

Objective: High consumption of soft drinks has been associated with lower bone mineral density among postmenopausal women. This study explores the association of soft drink consumption, osteoporosis, and incidental fractures in this population.

Methods: Cross-sectional (at baseline) and cohort combined designs, over 11.

Physical Activity and Trajectories of Cognitive Change in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Rancho Bernardo Study.

Background: Although physical activity has been associated with better cognitive function and reduced dementia risk, its association with cognitive decline in normal aging remains uncertain.

Objective: To determine whether physical activity in youth and older age are associated with age-related cognitive change.

Methods: Over a period of 27 years, 2,027 community-dwelling adults (mean age 73.

Pregnancy history and cognitive aging among older women: the Rancho Bernardo Study.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the association of pregnancy history with trajectories of cognitive function in older women.

Methods: Participants were 1,025 women (mean age = 73.1 ± 9.

Hearing Impairment and Cognitive Decline in Older, Community-Dwelling Adults.

Background: Hearing impairment is prevalent among older adults and has been identified as a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. We evaluated the association of hearing impairment with long-term cognitive decline among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: A population-based longitudinal study of adults not using hearing aids who had hearing acuity and cognitive function assessed in 1992-1996, and were followed for a maximum of 24 years with up to five additional cognitive assessments.

Effects of APOE on cognitive aging in community-dwelling older adults.

Objective: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is an established risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease, with elevated risk for ε4-carriers and reduced risk for ε2-carriers. However, it is unclear whether APOE modifies risk for cognitive decline in normal aging. The objective of this study was to determine whether ε2 and ε4 are associated with rates of normal cognitive aging, and whether associations of ε4 with cognitive decline are modified by sex, education or health behaviors (exercise, alcohol consumption, smoking).

Lifetime physical activity and late-life cognitive function: the Rancho Bernardo study.

Background: physical activity in older age has been associated with better cognitive function, but the role of earlier life physical activity is less well understood.

Objective: determine associations between physical activity throughout the lifespan and cognitive function in older age.

Design: cross-sectional study.

Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Function among Older Community-Dwelling Adults.

Diet may be an important modifiable risk factor for maintenance of cognitive health in later life. This study aimed at examining associations between common dietary indices and dietary patterns defined by factor analysis and cognitive function in older community-dwelling adults. Dietary information for 1499 participants from the Rancho Bernardo Study was collected in 1988⁻1992 and used to calculate the alternate Mediterranean diet score, Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010 score and factor scores derived from factor analysis of nutrients.

The Effects of Metformin and Weight Loss on Biomarkers Associated With Breast Cancer Outcomes.

Background: This study investigated the effects of metformin and weight loss on biomarkers associated with breast cancer prognosis.

Methods: Overweight/obese postmenopausal breast cancer survivors (n = 333) were randomly assigned to metformin vs placebo and to a weight loss intervention vs control (ie, usual care). The 2 × 2 factorial design allows a single randomized trial to investigate the effect of two factors and interactions between them.

Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With New Permanent Pacemaker Implantation Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the long-term clinical impact of permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Background: Conduction disturbances leading to PPI are common following TAVR. However, no data exist regarding the impact of PPI on long-term outcomes post-TAVR.

Sex and Age Differences in the Association of Blood Pressure and Hypertension with Cognitive Function in the Elderly: The Rancho Bernardo Study.

Objectives: This study examines sex and age differences in associations of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), pulse pressure and hypertension with cognitive function in a community-dwelling population.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Research clinic visit in 1988-91.

Excretion of the Herbicide Glyphosate in Older Adults Between 1993 and 2016.

This study reports urinary levels of glyphosate, an herbicide sprayed onto genetically modified crops, among participants in the Rancho Bernardo Study of Healthy Aging between 1993 and 2016.

Adipokines and severity and progression of coronary artery calcium: Findings from the Rancho Bernardo Study.

Background And Aims: Adipokines are known to predict cardiovascular events, yet their association with coronary artery calcium (CAC), a surrogate marker of coronary atherosclerosis and risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), is unclear. We aimed at assessing the association between adipokines and the severity and progression of CAC in healthy older adults, and at exploring potential modification by gender.

Methods: 409 men and women from the Rancho Bernardo Study with no known CVD underwent a chest computed tomography scan to determine baseline CAC severity; 329 returned 4.