Sleep duration and social jetlag in healthy adolescents. Association with anxiety, depression, and chronotype: a pilot study.

Purpose: Misalignment between sleep opportunity and chronotype preference during adolescence may affect sleep and mental health. The aim of this study was to objectively evaluate sleep duration and social jetlag (SJL) to observe if there is a relationship with anxiety, depression, or chronotype.

Methods: Community based cohort study (n = 65) was conducted in Northern Europe.

[Prevalence and Trends in Prepregnancy Overweight and Obesity in Northern Iceland 2004-2022].

Introduction: Prepregnancy overweight and obesity is an increasing public health issue worldwide, including Iceland, and has been associated with higher risk of adverse maternal and birth outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate trends in prepregnancy weight amongst women in North Iceland from 2004 to 2022, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in this population.

Material And Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included all women who gave birth at Akureyri Hospital in North Iceland between 2004 and 2022 (N = 7410).

[Correlation between intake of fish or supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids and early pregnancy plasma concentrations.].

Introduction: Long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids are considered important for fetal development, but previous studies suggest suboptimal intake in part of pregnant women in Iceland. The study aim was to evaluate intake of food and supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids, among pregnant women in Iceland and correlations to fatty acid composition in plasma.

Materials And Methods: Subjects were 853 pregnant women attending their 11-14 weeks ultrasound appointment.

Early pregnancy plasma fatty acid profiles of women later diagnosed with gestational diabetes.

Introduction: Fatty acid (FA) concentrations have previously been associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, few studies on GDM have examined FA profiles in early pregnancy or before diagnosis. This study aimed to compare early pregnancy plasma FA profiles of women with and without GDM diagnoses as well as their reported dietary consumption.

Vitamin D status and association with gestational diabetes mellitus in a pregnant cohort in Iceland.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), one of the most common pregnancy complications. The vitamin D status has never previously been studied in pregnant women in Iceland.

Objective: The aim of this research study was to evaluate the vitamin D status of an Icelandic cohort of pregnant women and the association between the vitamin D status and the GDM incidence.

Higher Alkylresorcinol Concentrations, a Consequence of Whole-Grain Intake, are Inversely Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Iceland.

Background: A diet rich in whole grains may provide benefits for pregnant women due to whole grains' high nutritional value and dietary fiber content.

Objectives: To study the associations of whole-grain consumption, as well as the plasma alkylresorcinol concentration, a whole-grain consumption biomarker, in early pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnoses.

Methods: Subjects were women from the prospective study Pregnant Women in Iceland II (PREWICE II; n = 853) who attended their ultrasound appointment in gestational weeks 11-14 during the period from October 2017 to March 2018.

Insufficient iodine status in pregnant women as a consequence of dietary changes.

Background: Historically, Iceland has been an iodine-sufficient nation due to notably high fish and milk consumption. Recent data suggest that the intake of these important dietary sources of iodine has decreased considerably.

Objective: To evaluate the iodine status of pregnant women in Iceland and to determine dietary factors associated with risk for deficiency.

Can a Simple Dietary Screening in Early Pregnancy Identify Dietary Habits Associated with Gestational Diabetes?

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is predominantly a lifestyle disease, with diet being an important modifiable risk factor. A major obstacle for the prevention in clinical practice is the complexity of assessing diet. In a cohort of 1651 Icelandic women, this study examined whether a short 40-item dietary screening questionnaire administered in the 1st trimester could identify dietary habits associated with GDM.

Association between maternal gluten intake and type 1 diabetes in offspring: national prospective cohort study in Denmark.

Objective: To examine the association between prenatal gluten exposure and offspring risk of type 1 diabetes in humans.

Design: National prospective cohort study.

Setting: National health information registries in Denmark.

Development of a dietary screening questionnaire to predict excessive weight gain in pregnancy.

Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is a risk factor for several adverse pregnancy outcomes, including macrosomia. Diet is one of the few modifiable risk factors identified. However, most dietary assessment methods are impractical for use in maternal care.

Maternal Macronutrient Intake and Offspring Blood Pressure 20 Years Later.

Background: Results from 2 cohort studies in Scotland established in the 1940s and 1950s (Aberdeen and Motherwell) suggested that a high protein diet during pregnancy might adversely influence offspring blood pressure at adult age. Our objective was to examine this association in the Danish Fetal Origins Cohort (DaFO88).

Methods And Results: This was a prospective birth cohort of 965 women who gave birth in 1988-1989 in Aarhus, Denmark, and whose offspring (n=434) participated in a clinical examination ≈20 years later.

Maternal diet, gestational weight gain, and inflammatory markers during pregnancy.

Objective: To examine the associations of gestational weight gain (GWG) and diet with low-grade inflammation in pregnancy.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of 671 pregnant women was performed, and diet was assessed in gestational week 30. GWG was recorded in weeks 30 and ∼37 (difference between the weight recorded at these time points and pre-pregnancy weight).