Etiology and correlates of alcohol misuse in early midlife.

Background: Early midlife individuals (ages 30-40) experience demographic shifts that may influence the remainder of adult life. Although new or persistent alcohol misuse is common during this period, early midlife is understudied in alcohol use literature. We examined the heritability of alcohol misuse; the associations between alcohol misuse and sociodemographic factors, physical health, and well-being; and whether these associations were robust in cotwin comparisons.

Association between adolescent alcohol use and cognitive function in young adulthood: A co-twin comparison study.

Background And Aims: Studies on adolescent alcohol use and cognition are often unable to separate the potential causal effects of alcohol use on cognition from shared etiological influences, including genetic influences or other substance use comorbidities also known to be associated with cognition, such as nicotine use. The present study aimed to fill this gap and clarify the relationship between adolescent alcohol use and young adult cognition by accounting for both measured and unmeasured confounders.

Design: A random effects model accounting for nesting in families was used to control for measured confounders.

Substance use-related problems in mild intellectual disability: A Swedish nationwide population-based cohort study with sibling comparison.

Background: Evidence for substance use-related problems in individuals with mild intellectual disability is sparse and mainly limited to selected psychiatric populations. We evaluated the risk of substance use-related problems in individuals with mild intellectual disability compared to the general population. Additionally, we have performed secondary sibling comparison analyses to account for familial confounding.

Health, behavior, and social outcomes among offspring of parents with criminal convictions: a register-based study from Sweden.

Background: There is currently insufficient understanding of the health and behavior of children whose parents engage in criminal behavior. We examined associations between parental criminal convictions and wide range of offspring health, behavioral, and social outcomes by age 18 in a large, national sample, aiming to get a comprehensive picture of the risks among children of offending parents.

Methods: We studied 1,013,385 individuals born in Sweden between 1987 and 1995, and their parents.

Cohort Effects on Tobacco Consumption and Its Genetic and Environmental Variance Among Finnish Adults Born Between 1880 and 1957.

Introduction: Population research indicates that smoking behaviors in Finland have varied over time by sex and birth cohort. Smoking behaviors are influenced by genes and the environment; like the behaviors themselves, these underlying influences are not necessarily stable over time and may be modifiable by national drug policy.

Aims And Methods: We utilized longitudinal mixed-effects models and causal-common-contingent twin models to evaluate sex and cohort effects on tobacco consumption and the underlying genetic and environmental variance components in a birth cohort sample of same-sex twins born in Finland between 1880 and 1957, assessed in 1975, 1981, 1990, and 2011.

Effectiveness of substance use disorder treatment as an alternative to imprisonment.

Introduction: Drug courts are criminal justice programs to divert people with substance use disorders from incarceration into treatment. Drug courts have become increasingly popular in the US and other countries. However, their effectiveness in reducing important public health outcomes such as recidivism and substance-related health harms remains ambiguous and contested.

Lower autonomic arousal as a risk factor for criminal offending and unintentional injuries among female conscripts.

Background: Lower autonomic arousal is a well-known correlate of criminal offending and other risk-taking behaviors in men, but few studies have investigated this association in women.

Aim: To test associations between autonomic arousal and criminal offending as well as unintentional injuries among female conscripts.

Methods: All women born 1958-1994 in Sweden who participated in voluntary military conscription (n = 12,499) were identified by linking Swedish population-based registers.

Patterns and predictors of alcohol misuse trajectories from adolescence through early midlife.

We took a multilevel developmental contextual approach and characterized trajectories of alcohol misuse from adolescence through early midlife, examined genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in those trajectories, and identified adolescent and young adult factors associated with change in alcohol misuse. Data were from two longitudinal population-based studies. FinnTwin16 is a study of Finnish twins assessed at 16, 17, 18, 25, and 35 years ( = 5659; 52% female; 32% monozygotic).

Associations between sleep medication use and alcohol consumption over 36 years in Finnish twins.

Background: Sleep medication use is an indicator of underlying sleep problems that might be induced by various factors such as alcohol use. However, the longitudinal relationship between drinking and sleep problems remains poorly understood. We investigated associations between sleep medication and alcohol use throughout adulthood, and examined the role of familial and potential confounding factors contributing to these associations.

Parental substance use disorder and risk of intellectual disability in offspring in Sweden: a national register study.

Background: Intellectual disability (ID) is a disorder with unknown aetiology in many cases. Maternal alcohol use is a known risk factor for ID, but less is known about the importance of maternal and paternal substance use disorder (SUD) and risk of ID in offspring.

Methods: Data from multiple nationwide registers were used to create a cohort of children born from January 01, 1978 to December 31, 2002.

Hormonal contraception use and insomnia: A nested case-control study.

Evidence is limited concerning possible associations between the use of hormonal contraception and insomnia. We applied the nested case-control design on a nationwide sample of women, aged 15-49 years, derived from national health care registries to characterize the association between the use of hormonal contraception and the occurrence of insomnia. There were altogether 294,356 users and 294,356 non-users of hormonal contraception.

General and violent recidivism of former forensic psychiatric patients in Finland.

Background: Forensic psychiatric care in Finland is provided to individuals who have committed a crime due to a serious mental disorder and are in need of psychiatric care. The reconviction (recidivism) rates for this patient group vary in time and between countries, likely due to different treatment practices and requirements for forensic care.

Materials And Methods: We set out to study criminal recidivism in a national cohort of all patients released from forensic psychiatric care in Finland between 1999 and 2018.

Genetic and Environmental Factors Underlying Parallel Changes in Body Mass Index and Alcohol Consumption: A 36-Year Longitudinal Study of Adult Twins.

Introduction: While the genetic and environmental underpinnings of body weight and alcohol use are fairly well-known, determinants of simultaneous changes in these traits are still poorly known. We sought to quantify the environmental and genetic components underlying parallel changes in weight and alcohol consumption and to investigate potential covariation between them.

Methods: The analysis comprised 4,461 adult participants (58% women) from the Finnish Twin Cohort with four measures of alcohol consumption and body mass index (BMI) over a 36-year follow-up.

Clinical, environmental, and genetic risk factors for substance use disorders: characterizing combined effects across multiple cohorts.

Substance use disorders (SUDs) incur serious social and personal costs. The risk for SUDs is complex, with risk factors ranging from social conditions to individual genetic variation. We examined whether models that include a clinical/environmental risk index (CERI) and polygenic scores (PGS) are able to identify individuals at increased risk of SUD in young adulthood across four longitudinal cohorts for a combined sample of N = 15,134.

Parental alcohol and drug abuse and offspring mortality by age 10: a population-based register study.

Background: Parental substance abuse (SA) of alcohol and drugs is associated with offspring mortality, including sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), in infancy, but research on cause-specific mortality and mortality in later childhood is scarce.

Methods: Using population-based register data on all births in Sweden in 1973-2013 (N = 4.2 million) and Cox regressions, we examined the associations of mother's and father's SA registered between 2 years before and 12 years after the child birth with offspring all-cause and cause-specific mortality in infancy and childhood.

Exploring the relationships between adolescent alcohol misuse and later life health outcomes.

Background: We sought to clarify the impact of adolescent alcohol misuse on adult physical health and subjective well-being. To do so, we investigated both the direct associations between adolescent alcohol misuse and early midlife physical health and life satisfaction and the indirect effects on these outcomes attributable to subsequent alcohol problems.

Method: The sample included 2733 twin pairs (32% monozygotic; 52% female) from the FinnTwin16 study.

Literacy skills seem to fuel literacy enjoyment, rather than vice versa.

Children who like to read and write tend to be better at it. This association is typically interpreted as enjoyment impacting engagement in literacy activities, which boosts literacy skills. We fitted direction-of-causation models to partial data of 3690 Finnish twins aged 12.

Alcohol consumption at age 18-25 and number of children at a 33-year follow-up: Individual and within-pair analyses of Finnish twins.

Background: Do drinking patterns in late adolescence/early adulthood predict lifetime childlessness and number of children? Research on this question has been only tangentially relevant and the results inconsistent. The designs used to date have been compromised by genetic and environmental confounds that are poorly controlled; covariate effects of smoking and education that are often ignored; males being understudied; population-based sampling rare, and long-term prospective studies with genetically informative designs yet to be reported.

Method: In a 33-year follow-up, we linked the drinking patterns of >3500 Finnish twin pairs, assessed at ages 18-25, to registry data on their eventual number of children.

Metabolomics profile of 5649 users and nonusers of hormonal intrauterine devices in Finland.

Background: Use of hormonal intrauterine devices has grown during the last decades. Although hormonal intrauterine devices act mostly via local effects on the uterus, measurable concentrations of levonorgestrel are absorbed into the systemic circulation. The possible metabolic changes and large-scale biomarker profiles associated with hormonal intrauterine devices have not yet been studied in detail.

Association of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms With Substance Misuse in 2 Longitudinal Cohorts in Sweden.

Importance: Neurobiological models have postulated shared neural mechanisms between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and substance use disorders, but results from clinical and epidemiological studies are conflicting or even suggest that OCD may be protective against substance misuse.

Objective: To investigate whether OCD and obsessive-compulsive symptoms are associated with substance misuse and the extent to which shared genetic and/or environmental factors account for this association.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cohort study, individuals in the general population of Sweden born between January 1, 1932, and December 31, 1997 (population cohort), were followed up through Swedish nationwide registers from January 1, 1997, to December 31, 2013.