dl-Limonene as an Alternative Sustainable Solvent to Xylenes for the Industrial Preparation of Release Formulations.

Many industrial processes use aromatic hydrocarbons as solvents, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX). However, their use is discouraged due to their toxicological profile. Research is ongoing to find alternative more sustainable solvents.

PtSn Nanoalloy Thin Films as Anode Catalysts in Methanol Fuel Cells.

Reactions of SnX (X = Cl, Br) with [PtMe(bipy)], , (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine), followed by NaBH reduction at the toluene/water interface in the presence or absence of graphene oxide support rendered PtSn nanoalloy thin films. They were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The electrocatalytical activity of the PtSn thin films was investigated in the methanol oxidation reaction.

Development of a food class-discrimination system by non-targeted NMR analyses using different magnetic field strengths.

Non-targeted NMR-based approach has received great attention as a rapid method for food product authenticity assessment. The availability of a database containing many comparable NMR spectra produced by different spectrometers is crucial to develop functional classifiers able to discriminate rapidly the commodity class of a given food product. Nevertheless, variability in spectrometer features may hamper the production of comparable spectra due to inherent variations in signal resolution.

Double addition of phenylacetylene onto the mixed bridge phosphinito-phosphanido Pt(i) complex [(PHCy)Pt(μ-PCy){κP,O-μ-P(O)Cy}Pt(PHCy)](Pt-Pt).

The reaction of the dinuclear phosphinito bridged complex [(PHCy2)Pt(μ-PCy2){κ2P,O-μ-P(O)Cy2}Pt(PHCy2)](Pt-Pt) (1) with phenylacetylene affords the η1-alkenyl-μ,η1:η2-alkynyl complex [(η1-trans-(Ph)HC[double bond, length as m-dash]CH)(PHCy2)Pt(μ-PCy2)(μ,η1:η2-PhC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C)Pt{κP-P(O)Cy2}(PHCy2)] (4) displaying a σ-bonded 2-phenylethenyl ligand and an alkynyl (μ-κCα:η2) bridge between the platinum atoms. Complex 4 was shown to form in two steps: initially, the attack of the first molecule of phenylacetylene gives the σ-acetylide complex [(PHCy2)(η1-PhC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C)Pt1(μ-PCy2)Pt2(PHCy2){κP-P(OH)Cy2}](Pt-Pt) (5) featuring an intramolecular π-type hydrogen bond between the POH and the C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C triple bond; fast reaction of 5 with a second molecule of phenylacetylene results in the oxidative addition of the terminal C-H bond of the second alkyne to Pt1 that, after rearrangements, leads to 4. When left in solution for two weeks, complex 4 spontaneously isomerizes completely to [(PHCy2)(η1-trans-(Ph)HC[double bond, length as m-dash]CH)Pt(μ-PCy2){κ2P,O-μ-P(O)Cy2}Pt(η1-PhC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C)(PHCy2)] (7) displaying a 2-phenylethenyl ligand and a phenylethynyl group both σ-bonded to the metal.

A community-built calibration system: The case study of quantification of metabolites in grape juice by qNMR spectroscopy.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is an analytical technique extensively used in almost every chemical laboratory for structural identification. This technique provides statistically equivalent signals in spite of using spectrometer with different hardware features and is successfully used for the traceability and quantification of analytes in food samples. Nevertheless, to date only a few internationally agreed guidelines have been reported on the use of NMR for quantitative analysis.

Stable mixed-valence diphenylphosphanido bridged platinum(ii)-platinum(iv) complexes.

The reaction between [NnBu4][(C6F5)2PtII(μ-PPh2)2PtIV(C^N)(I)2] (C^N = κ2-N,C-benzoquinolinate, 1) and (i) bidentate S^S, N^S and O^O anionic ligands or (ii) monodentate S- N- or O-based anionic ligands was studied in order to investigate the factors that may guarantee the stability of Pt(ii),Pt(iv) mixed-valence dinuclear phosphanido complexes. While reactions of 1 with S^S or N^S ligands afforded stable Pt(ii),Pt(iv) species of general formula [(C6F5)2PtII(μ-PPh2)2PtIV(C^N)(L^S)]x- [(L^S)(x-1) = 2-mercaptopyrimidinate (pymS-), 2-mercaptopyridinate (pyS-), dimethyldithiocarbamate (Me2NCS2-), ethyl xanthogenate (EtOCS2-) and 1,2-benzenedithiolate (PhS22-)], the reaction of 1 with the O^O ligand sodium acetylacetonate gave several products, and no pure Pt(ii),Pt(iv) complex could be isolated. The reaction of monodentate ligands such as PhS-, OH- or N3- with 1 led to a stable Pt(ii),Pt(iv) complex only in the case of N3-.

Corrigendum: 3D hydrogel environment rejuvenates aged pericytes for skeletal muscle tissue engineering.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.

HPLC Analysis of Phenols in Negroamaro and Primitivo Red Wines from Salento.

Wine is probably the oldest and still most consumed alcoholic beverage in the world. Nevertheless, it contains several biomolecules with beneficial health effects. Phenols are among them and, in this article, we identified and quantified by HPLC catechin, gallic acid, hydroxytyrosol, quercetin, -resveratrol, and syringic acid in Primitivo and Negroamaro red wines from Salento, in Southeast Italy.

P and Pt solid-state NMR and DFT studies on platinum(i) and platinum(ii) complexes.

31P and 195Pt solid state NMR spectra of anti-[(PHCy)ClPt(μ-PCy2)2Pt(PHCy)Cl] (3) and [(PHCy2)Pt(μ-PCy2)(κ2P,O-μ-POCy2)Pt(PHCy2)] (Pt-Pt) (4) were recorded under cross polarization/magic-angle spinning conditions (31P) or with the cross polarization/Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill pulse sequence (195Pt) and compared to the data obtained by relativistic DFT calculations of 31P and 195Pt CS tensors and isotropic shielding at the ZORA spin-orbit level. A good agreement with the experimental results was found and it was possible to rationalize the chemical shift differences of 195Pt and 31P nuclei between compounds 3 and 4 as mostly due to a change (in opposite directions for 195Pt and 31P) of the principal component of the shielding tensor perpendicular to the molecular plane defined by the Pt and P atoms. Paramagnetic and spin-orbit terms were found to be the most important contributions to 195Pt and 31P shielding.

Salmonella serotypes isolated in geckos kept in seven collections in southern Italy.

Objectives: Reptiles are considered an important reservoir of Salmonella species. This study evaluated the prevalence of Salmonella species in different species of gecko kept as pets in Italy.

Materials And Methods: Faecal swab samples were collected from 70 clinically healthy geckos and examined for Salmonella species by culture that were then serotyped.

Composition and Statistical Analysis of Biophenols in Apulian Italian EVOOs.

Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) is among the basic constituents of the Mediterranean diet. Its nutraceutical properties are due mainly, but not only, to a plethora of molecules with antioxidant activity known as biophenols. In this article, several biophenols were measured in EVOOs from South Apulia, Italy.

Von Hippel-Lindau disease: when neurosurgery meets nephrology, ophthalmology and genetics.

Introduction: Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a dominantly inherited condition associated with tumors in multiple organs, whose treatment requires heightened multidisciplinary teamwork. Therefore, a document summarizing all the pertinent knowledge is needed to enhance coordination of care.

Evidence Acquisition: A systematic review of the literature from the Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central databases was performed.

A Comparative Study of Phenols in Apulian Italian Wines.

Nutraceutics is a growing research field in which researchers study and attempt to improve the biological properties of metabolites in food. Wine is one of the most consumed products in the world and contains a plethora of molecules biologically relevant to human health. In this article, several polyphenols with potential antioxidant activity were measured in wines from Apulia, in Southeast Italy.

Homoleptic Phosphaalkyne Complexes of Silver(I).

By employing silver salts with a weakly coordinating anion Ag[A] ([A]=[FAl{OC F } ], [Al{OC(CF ) } ]), two phosphaalkynes could be coordinated side-on to a bare silver(I) center to form the unprecedented homoleptic complexes [Ag(η -P≡CtBu) ][FAl{OC F } ] (1) and [Ag(η -P≡CtBu) ][Al{OC(CF ) } ] (2). DFT calculations show that the perpendicular arrangement in 1 is the minimum energy structure of the coordination of the two phosphaalkynes to a silver atom, whereas for 2 a unique square-planar coordination mode of the phosphaalkynes at Ag was found. Reactions with donor molecules yield the trigonally planar coordinated silver salts [((CH ) CO)Ag(η -P≡CtBu) ][FAl{OC F } ] (3) and [(C H ) Ag(η -P≡CtBu)][FAl{OC F } ] (4).

DNA hydroxymethylation controls cardiomyocyte gene expression in development and hypertrophy.

Methylation at 5-cytosine (5-mC) is a fundamental epigenetic DNA modification associated recently with cardiac disease. In contrast, the role of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC)-5-mC's oxidation product-in cardiac biology and disease is unknown. Here we assess the hydroxymethylome in embryonic, neonatal, adult and hypertrophic mouse cardiomyocytes, showing that dynamic modulation of hydroxymethylated DNA is associated with specific transcriptional networks during heart development and failure.

Uncovering Intramolecular π-Type Hydrogen Bonds in Solution by NMR Spectroscopy and DFT Calculations.

Reaction between the phosphinito bridged diplatinum species [(PHCy2 )Pt(μ-PCy2 ){κ(2) P,O-μ-P(O)Cy2 }Pt(PHCy2 )](Pt-Pt) (1), and (trimethylsilyl)acetylene at 273 K affords the σ-acetylide complex [(PHCy2 )(η(1) -Me3 SiC≡C)Pt(μ-PCy2 )Pt(PHCy2 ){κP-P(OH)Cy2 }](Pt-Pt) (2) featuring an intramolecular π-type hydrogen bond. Scalar and dipolar couplings involving the POH proton were detected by 2D NMR experiments. Relativistic DFT calculations of the geometry, relative energy, and NMR properties of model systems of 2 confirmed the structural assignment and allowed the energy of the π-type hydrogen bond to be estimated (ca.

Entropy of corneal nerve fibers distribution observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy: A noninvasive quantitative method to characterize the corneal innervation in Sjogren's syndrome patients.

Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a progressive autoimmune condition mainly affecting the salivary and lacrimal glands with an incidence of primary SS between 1/100 and 1/1,000. SS implies an alteration in the epithelium and subepithelium innervation, with consequent reduction of corneal sensitivity. It is necessary to have noninvasive quantitative methods to characterize the status of the corneal nerve fibers of the patients in order to choose and follow the best therapy.

Performance Assessment in Fingerprinting and Multi Component Quantitative NMR Analyses.

An interlaboratory comparison (ILC) was organized with the aim to set up quality control indicators suitable for multicomponent quantitative analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. A total of 36 NMR data sets (corresponding to 1260 NMR spectra) were produced by 30 participants using 34 NMR spectrometers. The calibration line method was chosen for the quantification of a five-component model mixture.

Multinuclear Solid-State NMR and DFT Studies on Phosphanido-Bridged Diplatinum Complexes.

Multinuclear ((31)P, (195)Pt, (19)F) solid-state NMR experiments on (nBu4N)2[(C6F5)2Pt(μ-PPh2)2Pt(C6F5)2] (1), [(C6F5)2Pt(μ-PPh2)2Pt(C6F5)2](Pt-Pt) (2), and cis-Pt(C6F5)2(PHPh2)2 (3) were carried out under cross-polarization/magic-angle-spinning conditions or with the cross-polarization/Carr-Purcell Meiboom-Gill pulse sequence. Analysis of the principal components of the (31)P and (195)Pt chemical shift (CS) tensors of 1 and 2 reveals that the variations observed comparing the isotropic chemical shifts of 1 and 2, commonly referred to as "ring effect", are mainly due to changes in the principal components oriented along the direction perpendicular to the Pt2P2 plane. DFT calculations of (31)P and (195)Pt CS tensors confirmed the tensor orientation proposed from experimental data and symmetry arguments and revealed that the different values of the isotropic shieldings stem from differences in the paramagnetic and spin-orbit contributions.

Sulfur-Assisted Phenyl Migration from Phosphorus to Platinum in PtW2 and PtMo2 Clusters Containing Thioether-Functionalized Short-Bite Ligands of the Bis(diphenylphosphanyl)amine-Type.

The reactivity of dichloroplatinum(II) complexes containing thioether-functionalized bis(diphenylphosphanyl)amines of formula (Ph2P)2N(CH2)2SR (R = (CH2)5CH3, CH2Ph) toward group 6 carbonylmetalates Na[M(CO)3Cp] (M = Mo or W, Cp = cyclopentadienyl) was explored. Reactions with two or more equivalents of Na[M(CO)3Cp] (M = Mo or W) afforded the trinuclear complexes of general formula [PtPh{M(CO)3Cp}{μ-P(Ph)N(CH2CH2SR)(PPh2)-κ(3)P,P,S}M(CO)2Cp] (3 M = Mo, R = (CH2)5CH3; 4 M = Mo, R = CH2Ph; 9 M = W, R = (CH2)5CH3; 10 M = W, R = CH2Ph), the structure of which consists of a six-membered platinacycle condensed with a four-membered M-P-N- P cycle, together with small amounts of isomeric PtM2 clusters [PtM2(CO)5Cp2{(Ph2P)2N(CH2CH2SR)-κ(2)P,P}] (5 M = Mo, R = (CH2)5CH3; 6 M = Mo, R = CH2Ph; 11 M = W, R = (CH2)5CH3; 12 M = W, R = CH2Ph) in which the ligand (Ph2P)2NR solely chelates the Pt atom or bridges an M-Pt bond as in [PtM2(CO)5Cp2{μ-(Ph2P)2N(CH2CH2SR)-κ(2)P,P}] (7 M = Mo, R = (CH2)5CH3; 8 M = Mo, R = CH2Ph; 13 M = W, R = (CH2)5CH3; 14 M = W, R = CH2Ph). The synthesis of the trinuclear complexes 3, 4, 9, and 10 entails an unexpected P-phenyl bond cleavage reaction and phenyl migration onto Pt.

Therapeutic applications of noncoding RNAs.

Purpose Of Review: In this review, we summarize the basic principles underlying the therapeutic use of nonprotein coding (nc)RNAs, such as microRNA (miRNA) and long noncoding RNA, in the cardiovascular field, focusing, where possible, on recent advances that may lead to translation to the clinic for heart failure.

Recent Findings: The number of individual miRNAs associated with a given aspect of heart disease is increasing rapidly, as is the data on miRNA profiles in normal and diseased myocardium. Less is known on the role of long noncoding RNA, and to date only a few have been studied in the heart.

Fixation and release of intact Eâ‚„ tetrahedra (E=P, As).

By the reaction of [NacnacCuCH3CN] with white phosphorus (P4) and yellow arsenic (As4), the stabilization and enclosure of the intact E4 tetrahedra are realized and the disubstituted complexes [(NacnacCu)2(μ,η(2:2)-E4)] (1 a: E=P, 1 b: E=As) are formed. The mono-substituted complex [NacnacCu(η(2)-P4)] (2), was detected by the exchange reaction of 1 a with P4 and was only isolated using low-temperature work-up. All products were comprehensively spectroscopically and crystallographically characterized.

DOT1L-mediated H3K79me2 modification critically regulates gene expression during cardiomyocyte differentiation.

Epigenetic changes on DNA and chromatin are implicated in cell differentiation and organogenesis. For the heart, distinct histone methylation profiles were recently linked to stage-specific gene expression programs during cardiac differentiation in vitro. However, the enzymes catalyzing these modifications and the genes regulated by them remain poorly defined.