What can we learn from 100,000 freshwater forecasts? A synthesis from the NEON Ecological Forecasting Challenge.

Near-term, iterative ecological forecasts can be used to help understand and proactively manage ecosystems. To date, more forecasts have been developed for aquatic ecosystems than other ecosystems worldwide, likely motivated by the pressing need to conserve these essential and threatened ecosystems and increasing the availability of high-frequency data. Forecasters have implemented many different modeling approaches to forecast freshwater variables, which have demonstrated promise at individual sites.

The Dementia SomaSignal Test (dSST): A plasma proteomic predictor of 20-year dementia risk.

Introduction: There is an unmet need for tools to quantify dementia risk during its multi-decade preclinical/prodromal phase, given that current biomarkers predict risk over shorter follow-up periods and are specific to Alzheimer's disease.

Methods: Using high-throughput proteomic assays and machine learning techniques in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (n = 11,277), we developed the Dementia SomaSignal Test (dSST).

Results: In addition to outperforming existing plasma biomarkers, the dSST predicted mid-life dementia risk over a 20-year follow-up across two independent cohorts with different ethnic backgrounds (areas under the curve [AUCs]: dSST 0.

Dynamic global acetylation remodeling during the yeast heat shock response.

All organisms experience stress and must rapidly respond to changing conditions. Thus, cells have evolved sophisticated rapid-response mechanisms such as post-translational protein modification to rapidly and reversibly modulate protein activity. One such post-translational modification is reversible lysine acetylation, where proteomic studies have identified thousands of acetylated proteins across diverse organisms.

Genome-wide identification of novel flagellar motility genes in pv. DC3000.

pv. DC3000 ( DC3000) is a plant pathogenic bacterium that possesses complicated motility regulation pathways including a typical chemotaxis system. A significant portion of our understanding about the genes functioning in DC3000 motility is based on comparison to other bacteria.

Development of a decision aid for Australian carers of children with cerebral palsy and their community clinicians, about selective dorsal rhizotomy surgery.

Purpose: Develop and user-test a patient decision aid about selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) surgery for carers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and clinicians treating children with CP.

Method: This study utilised a mixed-methods design. Stage One developed the prototype.

Statistical documentation for multi-disease, multi-domain platform trials: our experience with the Staphylococcus aureus Network Adaptive Platform trial.

Platform trials have become widely adopted across multiple disease areas over recent years, however, guidelines for operationalising these trials have not kept pace. We outline a series of documents that summarise the statistical components, and implicit processes, of the Staphylococcus aureus Network Adaptive Platform (SNAP) trial to provide an informal template for other researchers and reviewers of platform trials. We briefly summarise the content and role of the core protocol, statistical appendix, domain-specific appendices, simulation report, statistical implementation guides, data safety and monitoring committee (DSMC) reports, and domain-specific statistical analysis plans and final reports, and a transparent governance structure that ensures separate blinded and unblinded statistical teams.

Associations between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and mean diffusivity of the hippocampus and amygdala in infants.

Background: Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity may negatively affect offspring outcomes, including neurodevelopment. This study examined the relationship between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (MBMI) and the microstructure of the hippocampus and amygdala in neonates.

Methods: Diffusion tensor imaging was used to assess mean diffusivity (MD) in these brain regions in 122 infants (mean gestational age: 39.

Biguanides antithetically regulate tumor properties by the dose-dependent mitochondrial reprogramming-driven c-Src pathway.

The biguanide metformin attenuates mitochondrial oxidation and is proposed as an anti-cancer therapy. However, recent clinical studies suggest increased proliferation and fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) in a subgroup of patients with breast cancer (BC) after metformin therapy. Considering that FAO can activate Src kinase in aggressive triple-negative BC (TNBC), we postulate that low-dose biguanide-driven AMPK-ACC-FAO signaling may activate the Src pathway in TNBC.

A systematic review of advances in the use of spectral imaging in burn depth assessment.

Background: Accurate burn depth assessment is critical for determining appropriate treatment and optimizing patient outcomes. Conventional methods, such as clinical assessment and laser Doppler imaging, have limitations in terms of accuracy and timeliness. Spectral imaging, including multispectral imaging and hyperspectral imaging, has emerged as a promising non-invasive modality to improve burn depth evaluation.

Cognitive impairment after hemorrhagic stroke is less common in patients with elevated body mass index and private insurance.

Background: Hemorrhagic stroke survivors may have cognitive impairment. We sought to identify preadmission and admission factors associated with cognitive impairment after hemorrhagic stroke.

Design: Patients with nontraumatic intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage (ICH or SAH) were assessed 3-months post-bleed using the Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (Neuro-QoL) Cognitive Function short form.

Environmental Enrichment After Primary Glioma Radiation Therapy.

Objectives: To explore and describe the health outcomes and levels of environmental enrichment (EE) in participants with brain tumors after radiation therapy (RT).

Sample & Setting: 39 participants with glioma (grades 2-3) treated with RT were recruited within five years of original diagnosis from a neuro-oncology clinic.

Methods & Variables: A cross-sectional design was employed.

Use of Hospital Patient and Family Advisory Councils: A Scoping Study.

With the aim of fostering patient-centered care, Patient and Family Advisory Councils (PFACs) have emerged as a way for hospitals to garner input for initiatives and programs from patients and patients' families who have used the hospitals' services. Despite their inception in the early 1980s, only 54% of United States hospitals field a PFAC. This scoping study entailed searching 6 databases in July 2024 and reviewing 143 articles about hospital PFACs from around the world to understand how hospitals use PFACs, measure the results, and acknowledge the success factors.

Phytotoxicity and phytoremediation potential of exposed to perfluorooctanoic acid.

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is one of the highly toxic compounds which was phased out of application in consumer products in 2015 due to its harmful effects on human and environmental health. However, this chemical was in use for many years and is still found in water resources. This study focuses on the physiological response of duckweed (r) exposed to PFOA so as to determine phytotoxicity and the potential of this aquatic species to remove PFOA from the environment.

Beyond the surface: A case study about nevus sebaceous removal for cosmetic concerns.

Nevus sebaceous, a benign scalp birthmark, typically presents without immediate health concerns but may require removal as it becomes bothersome with age. Symptoms are typically cosmetic, lacking pain or bleeding. Clinical presentation varies with age, initially appearing as a smooth, hairless yellowish patch, later evolving into an elevated lesion after the onset of puberty.

Loss of Usher II Proteins in Mice Does Not Affect Photoreceptor Ultrastructure.

Usher syndrome is characterized by both vision and hearing loss. Mutations in three genes, USH2A, ADGRV1, and WHRN, lead to Usher syndrome Type II, in which the onset of vision loss usually takes place after puberty. Mouse models of Usher syndrome Type II have an incredibly mild retinal phenotype that typically begins after ~1-2 years of age and, therefore, do not fully represent the pathology in human patients.

Outpatient tapering of buprenorphine in opioid use disorder pregnancies may improve neonatal outcomes.

Objective: The main objective of the study was to compare neonatal outcomes: the incidence of NOWS, length of hospital stay (LOS), admission to neonatal intensive care (NICU), birth weight, treatment with morphine, and head circumference between newborns of mothers who had tapering of buprenorphine (T group) during pregnancy to non-tapering of buprenorphine (NT group).

Study Design: It was a prospective, pilot, case-control trial of pregnant women done in North-East Tennessee in pregnancy with opioid use disorder (OUD) in the tapered (T) group as a part of clinical care while the NT group did not taper medication.

Results: Significant differences were observed among neonatal outcomes; average birth weight and head circumference (p < 0.

Host plant flooding stress in soybeans differentially impacts avirulent and virulent soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) biotypes.

Insect herbivore evolution is tightly linked to changes in their host plants. Many plants have defensive traits that enable them to naturally tolerate and/or deter insect herbivory (host plant resistance; HPR). Some insects have adapted to overcome or resist these defenses (virulence).

Gains vs losses in pay-for-performance: Stated preference evidence from a U.S. survey.

Background: Pay-for-performance (P4P) incentives can be paid as a bonus (gain) or a penalty (loss). Diminishing marginal utility of wealth suggests that, starting from the same initial wealth, individuals dislike losses more than they like equivalent gains.

Objective: This study reports the minimum financial gain or loss required to motivate primary care providers and clinical staff to try to increase their human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates.

Classifying COVID-19 hospitalizations in epidemiology cohort studies: The C4R study.

Rationale: Robust COVID-19 outcomes classification is important for ongoing epidemiology research on acute and post-acute COVID-19 conditions. Protocolized medical record review is an established method to validate endpoints for clinical trials and cardiovascular epidemiology cohorts; however, a protocol to adjudicate hospitalizations for COVID-19 among epidemiology cohorts was lacking.

Objectives: We developed a protocol to ascertain and adjudicate hospitalized COVID-19 across a meta-cohort of 14 US prospective cohort studies.

KSR1 mediates small-cell lung carcinoma tumor initiation and cisplatin resistance.

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) has a dismal five-year survival rate of less than 7%, with limited advances in first line treatment over the past four decades. Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) contribute to resistance and relapse, a major impediment to SCLC treatment. Here, we identify Kinase Suppressor of Ras 1 (KSR1), a molecular scaffold for the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling cascade, as a critical regulator of SCLC TIC formation and tumor initiation in vivo.

Remediation of the picture-text problem for learners exhibiting reading deficits.

Early reading materials are replete with pictures. Pictures purportedly improve reading comprehension and motivation; however, the simultaneous presentation of pictures and text can also impede textual control for some readers. Attempts to remediate restricted stimulus control in picture-text compounds suggest that omitting the picture element is most effective, although these arrangements may also be less socially valid.

A survey on UK researchers' views regarding their experiences with the de-identification, anonymisation, release methods and re-identification risk estimation for clinical trial datasets.

Background: There are increasing pressures for anonymised datasets from clinical trials to be shared across the scientific community. However, there is no standardised set of recommendations on how to anonymise and prepare clinical trial datasets for sharing, while an ever-increasing number of anonymised datasets are becoming available for secondary research. Our aim was to explore the current views and experiences of researchers in the United Kingdom about de-identification, anonymisation, release methods and re-identification risk estimation for clinical trial datasets.

Health Insurance Coverage Among Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors Receiving Health Care before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

We investigated insurance coverage among adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. AYAs diagnosed with cancer 15-39 years of age were identified using Utah Cancer Registry records and linked with University of Utah electronic health records. Poisson models calculated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of health insurance coverage during pre-pandemic (11/4/2017-3/5/2020; = 2,140) and pandemic (3/6/2020-7/6/2022; = 1,894) periods.