Revolutionizing breast ultrasound diagnostics with EfficientNet-B7 and Explainable AI.

Breast cancer is a leading cause of mortality among women globally, necessitating precise classification of breast ultrasound images for early diagnosis and treatment. Traditional methods using CNN architectures such as VGG, ResNet, and DenseNet, though somewhat effective, often struggle with class imbalances and subtle texture variations, leading to reduced accuracy for minority classes such as malignant tumors. To address these issues, we propose a methodology that leverages EfficientNet-B7, a scalable CNN architecture, combined with advanced data augmentation techniques to enhance minority class representation and improve model robustness.

Genetic enhancement of okra [ (L.) Moench] germplasm through wide hybridization.

Introduction: The introgression of genetic material from one species to another through wide hybridization and repeated back-crossing, plays an important role in genetic modification and enriching the cultivated gene-pool with novel genetic variations. Okra ( [(L.) Moench)] is a popular vegetable crop with high dietary fibre and protein, rich in essential amino acids, lysine and tryptophan.

A Novel Feature Selection with Hybrid Deep Learning Based Heart Disease Detection and Classification in the e-Healthcare Environment.

With the advancements in data mining, wearables, and cloud computing, online disease diagnosis services have been widely employed in the e-healthcare environment and improved the quality of the services. The e-healthcare services help to reduce the death rate by the earlier identification of the diseases. Simultaneously, heart disease (HD) is a deadly disorder, and patient survival depends on early diagnosis of HD.

Germplasm variability-assisted near infrared reflectance spectroscopy chemometrics to develop multi-trait robust prediction models in rice.

Rice is a major staple food across the world in which wide variations in nutrient composition are reported. Rice improvement programs need germplasm accessions with extreme values for any nutritional trait. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) uses electromagnetic radiations in the NIR region to rapidly measure the biochemical composition of food and agricultural products.

Fabricate, advancement, molecular docking and DNA reactivity of preferred divalent metal(II) complexes attributing ()-'-((6-hydroxybenzo[]oxazol-5-yl) methylene)isonicotinohydrazide.

A series of metal(II) complexes (=Co (II), Ni(II) and Cu(II)) supported by Schiff base ligand (=()-'-((6-hydroxybenzo[]oxazol-5-yl)methylene)isonicotinohydrazide) has been designed and developed from condensation of 6-hydroxybenzo[]oxazole-5-carbaldehyde and isoniazid. The ligand (HL) and its metal(II) complexes were structurally characterized utilizing a variety of physicochemical and spectroscopic approaches. The study shows that Schiff bases (HL) act as monobasic tridentate ONO ligand and conform to octahedral geometry according to the general formula [M(HL)].

enzyme inhibition and anti-hyperuricemic potential of eugenol: an experimental approach.

Xanthine oxidase (XO) is accountable for the uric acid synthesis in the body and is considered as a prominent therapeutic target in urate lowering treatment. Eugenol is a natural compound commonly found in clove, cinnamon, etc. and has various biological activities.

Activity-based Protein Profiling of Serine Hydrolase Superfamily Enzymes.

Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) is a chemoproteomics platform to assess the functional state of enzymes in complex biological systems. Over the two decades, ABPP has emerged from a gel-based to gel-free platform, for in-depth proteome analysis with enhanced resolution, sensitivity for target detection, and discovery of small molecule inhibitors. The gel-free format of ABPP coupled with advanced mass spectrometry is highly sensitive and provides more comprehensive knowledge for the targeted enzyme family than the gel-based method.

Enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties of Ixora coccinea L. plant root derived nanocellulose using polyethylene glycol-glutaraldehyde system.

Nanocellulose fibers are widely acknowledged as a more sustainable alternative to polyimide and polyethylene terephthalate-based plastic films derived from petrochemicals. Cellulose is also utilised in packaging, tissue engineering, electronic, optical, and sensor applications, pharmaceutical applications, cosmetic applications, insulation, water filtration, and hygiene applications, as well as vascular grafts. In the present study to improve the tensile and thermal properties of cellulose nanofibers, polyethylene glycol (PEG 600) with varying concentrations was produced by solvent casting and chemically crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA).

Interaction of eugenol with xanthine oxidase: Multi spectroscopic and in silico modelling approach.

Eugenol, a major component in clove has various biological activities. The current study focused to the binding potential of eugenol with Xanthine oxidase (XO) were evaluated using multi spectroscopic techniques and in silico docking studies. Xanthine oxidase, a superoxide generating enzyme, catalyses hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid.

Addressing Reemergence of Diphtheria among Adolescents through Program Integration in India.

We report a diphtheria outbreak mostly among children (median 12 years; range 4-26 years) of a religious minority in urban India. Case-fatality rate (15%, 19/124) was higher among unimmunized patients (relative risk 4.1, 95% CI 1.

Proteoform of Arabidopsis seed storage protein identified by functional proteomics approach exhibits acyl hydrolase activity during germination.

Lipases play a crucial role in the life cycle of seed plants and the oil content of the seed is highly regulated by the lipase activity. Hence, understanding the role of lipases during germination and post-germination will provide insights into lipid mobilization. However, to date, no lipase gene has been identified in seeds except, Sugar-dependent-1 in Arabidopsis.

Methanolic Extract of L. Mitigates 1,2-Dimethyl Hydrazine Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Wistar Rats.

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of methanolic extract of L. leaves (MEMC) in ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation associated with 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine (DMH) induced colon cancer.

Methods: The antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress markers, liver and renal toxicity markers were evaluated.

N-doped oxidized carbon dots for methanol sensing in alcoholic beverages.

Methanol (MeOH) adulteration in alcoholic beverages resulting in irreparable health damage demands highly sensitive and cost-effective sensors for its quantification. As carbon dots are emerging as new biocompatible and sustainable light-emitting detectors, this work demonstrates the hydrothermally prepared nitrogen-doped oxidized carbon dots (NOCDs) as on-off fluorescent nanoprobes to detect MeOH traces in water and alcoholic beverages. The presence of 1% of MeOH in distilled water is found to decrease the NOCD fluorescent emission intensity by more than 90% whereas up to 70% ethanol (EtOH) content changes the signal to within 20% of its initial value.

Ethyl acetate fraction of Muntingia calabura L. exerts anti-colorectal cancer potential via regulating apoptotic and inflammatory pathways.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Muntingia calabura L. is a plant with traditional pharmacological relevance. The various plant parts are used by tribal communities for treating gastric ulcers, prostate gland swellings, headache, cold etc.

Hevea brasiliensis mediated synthesis of nanocellulose: Effect of preparation methods on morphology and properties.

In present research, Hevea brasiliensis (Rubber Wood) converted into cellulose by pre-treatment with NaOH (5%) and NaClO (5%). In addition, the cellulose was converted to nanocellulose (NC) using ionic liquid, acid hydrolysis and TEMPO oxidation accompanied by ultra-sonication. The prepared nanocellulose characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).

Preparation and evaluation of alginate nanoparticles prepared by green method for drug delivery applications.

Nanosized natural polymers have attained considerable attention in drug delivery applications due to their high encapsulation efficiency, non-toxic nature, sustained and targeted drug delivery. Here we have synthesized Rifampicin loaded alginate nanoparticles by green method. Physicochemical characterization of the nanoparticles was assessed using Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Dynamic light scattering and X-ray diffraction technique.

OsPLB gene expressed during seed germination encodes a phospholipase in rice.

Hydrolysis of phospholipid monolayer by phospholipases is an important event in the mobilization of stored lipids for seed germination. However, the identification and functional characterization of cereal phospholipases, especially during rice germination, are limited. In the present study, we have identified and characterized a phospholipase gene expressed during germination.

Genome wide identification and characterization of microsatellite markers in black pepper (Piper nigrum): A valuable resource for boosting genomics applications.

Black pepper is one of the most valued and widely used spices in the world and dominates multi-billion dollar global spices trade. India is amongst the major producers, consumers and exporters of black pepper. In spite of its commercial and cultural importance, black pepper has received meagre attention in terms of generation of genomic resources.

Solution based synthesis of Cu(In,Ga)Se microcrystals and thin films.

Herein, for the first time, we report the synthesis of quaternary Cu(In,Ga)Se microcrystals (CIGSe MCs) using a facile and economical one-pot heating-up method. The most important parameters such as reaction temperature and time were varied to study their influences on the structural, morphological, compositional and optical properties of the MCs. Based on the results, the formation of CIGSe was initiated from binary β-CuSe and then converted into pure phase CIGSe by gradual incorporation of In and Ga ions into the β-CuSe crystal lattice.

Lour. mitigates oxidative stress and inflammation in acute pyelonephritic rats.

The current study evaluates the efficacy of methanolic extract of Lour. (MERA) against inflammatory changes associated with acute pyelonephritis. The antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, GPx, GR and oxidative stress markers like GSH content, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, nitrate level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and renal toxicity markers were evaluated in this study.

Anti-inflammatory efficacy of methanolic extract of Muntingia calabura L. leaves in Carrageenan induced paw edema model.

The plant Muntingia calabura L. is a well-known herb which gained attention due to its pharmacological value. The necessity of this plant in human ailments is illustrious in old medical practices.

CuZnSn(S,Se) thin-films prepared from selenized nanocrystals ink.

For the first time, CZTS ink was formulated using low-temperature heating up synthesis of NCs. Besides, the influence of powder concentration on the properties of the films was examined. Subsequently, the CZTS films were annealed under a selenium (Se)/argon (Ar) atmosphere at different temperatures to enhance their properties.

Protective Role of (Gaertn.) Roxb Fruits Against CCl Induced Oxidative Stress and Liver Injury in Rodent Model.

Abstract: The medicinal plant, (Gaertn.) Roxb. is widely used in the traditional Indian system of medicine like Ayurveda for centuries in the treatment of various ailments owing to it's rejuvenating as well as health promoting effects.