Publications by authors named "Lata Singh"
Purpose: To elucidate the efficacy of topical low dose heparin (LDH) as an adjuvant therapy in of sub -chronic and chronic ocular Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and its effect on Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) associated markers.
Design: A prospective randomized controlled pilot trial.
Methods: 72 clinically diagnosed SJS cases were recruited into sub-chronic and chronic groups.
Keratoconus (KC) is characterised by corneal stromal thinning and irregular astigmatism, resulting in diminution of vision. Underlying aetiology remains poorly understood. Recent evidence suggests dysregulation of oxidative balance and mitochondrial function in KC corneas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Increased pigmentation has been associated with cancer stem-cell-like behaviour and chemoresistance in uveal melanoma (UM) and cutaneous melanoma. Therefore, our present study determines the correlation between pigmentation and cancer stem cell markers in UM patients.
Methods: Expression of PAX3, CD133, ABCG2, TRYP1, TRYP2 and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) was assessed by immunohistochemistry along with mRNA expression level of PAX3 using quantitative real-time PCR in 70 prospective UM cases.
One of the most promising approaches in solving the energy crisis and reducing atmospheric CO emissions is artificial photosynthetic CO reduction. The electrochemical method for CO reduction is more appealing since it can be operated under ambient conditions, and the product selectivity strongly depends on the applied potential. Perovskites with ferroelectric properties strongly adsorb linear CO molecules.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh pigmentation and the abundance of M2 macrophages have been identified as negative predictors in uveal melanoma (UM). Risk factors associated with UM that are prevalent in high-risk White populations are still present, although less common, in relatively low-risk Asian populations. Research indicates that proangiogenic M2 macrophages and monosomy 3 play significant roles in UM progression.
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- The study investigated the presence of myositis-specific and myositis-associated autoantibodies (MSAs/MAAs) in a group of Indian children with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) and how these antibodies relate to clinical features and patient outcomes.
- A total of 43 children were assessed, with 81.4% testing positive for at least one type of autoantibody; the most common were anti-NXP2, anti-TIF1γ, and anti-MDA-5.
- While many patients showed positive responses to treatment, the study found no clear link between the specific autoantibody profiles and the successful achievement of complete clinical responses or remission.
Article Synopsis
- Wnt signaling is crucial for maintaining cell stability and plays a role in key biological processes like development, cell growth, and stem cell function.
- When Wnt/β-catenin signaling is disrupted, it can lead to diseases, particularly cancer, and while its role in adult tumors is well-documented, less is known about its impact on pediatric tumors.
- This review highlights the latest research on Wnt signaling in pediatric cancers, examining how variations in this pathway contribute to tumor development and the specific mutations that influence their clinical progression.
Article Synopsis
- - Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common eye cancer in children, and its advanced stages are often seen in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to factors like lack of awareness and limited healthcare access.
- - Significant advancements in treating extraocular retinoblastoma (EORB) have been made, focusing on reducing treatment toxicity through the use of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy.
- - The article discusses ICMR consensus guidelines for managing EORB and metastatic RB, highlighting ongoing challenges and the generally poor prognosis in LMICs.
Article Synopsis
- Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common eye cancer in children, but many cases are diagnosed late in low-middle income countries due to a lack of awareness.
- Recent treatment advancements, like systemic and targeted chemotherapy, have improved outcomes, but their use remains limited in LMICs due to cost and accessibility issues.
- The article discusses the ICMR consensus guidelines for managing advanced intraocular RB, emphasizing the importance of considering treatment costs, risks, and parental discussions in decision-making.
Article Synopsis
- - Retinoblastoma (RB) is the leading eye cancer in children, primarily caused by mutations in the RB1 gene and affecting about 8,000 children worldwide each year, with 1,500 cases in India.
- - The survival rate for RB exceeds 90% in developed countries, with typical symptoms in Indian children being leukocoria (white pupil) and proptosis (bulging eye), diagnosed mainly through fundus exams and ultrasounds.
- - The review outlines the International Classification of Retinoblastoma for staging, emphasizes the significance of genetic testing for high-risk families, and discusses histopathologic factors that influence treatment decisions and metastasis prediction.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the role of pigmentation as a prognostic factor in uveal melanoma (UM), focusing on the expression of specific markers (TYRP2, MITF, and SILV) that regulate melanin synthesis.
- Using transmission electron microscopy and gene expression analysis, the researchers found ultrastructural differences in melanosomes between high-pigmented and low-pigmented UM cases, with higher expression levels of SILV, TYRP2, and MITF in 70% and 58% of the samples, respectively.
- The findings suggest that these pigmentation markers, particularly MITF, are linked to more aggressive UM behavior and reduced metastatic-free survival, highlighting their potential importance in prognosis and treatment outcomes.
Background: Approximately 16%-62% of patients undergoing non cardiac surgeries develop postoperative cognitive dysfunction. We compared the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older adults aged 60-80 years who underwent open abdominal surgeries under general anaesthesia using isoflurane or desflurane and correlated it with the serum concentration of interleukin 1, interleukin 6, tumour necrosis factor alpha, amyloid β and S100 on postoperative day 3.
Method: Forty American Association of Anesthesiologists Physical Classification I or II patients were included after acquiring institutional ethics committee approval, registering in the Clinical Trials Registry - India, and informed written consent.
Article Synopsis
- * Treatments were evaluated for their impact on cellular metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and expression of specific genes related to mitochondrial health and cellular stress responses.
- * PU-91 improved metabolism and reduced ROS in AMD cells, while the combination of PU-91 and quercetin enhanced metabolism and gene expression across all conditions, but also worsened senescence in all cell lines tested.
Article Synopsis
- * CLL cybrids were treated with ibrutinib alone or in combination with mitochondrial-targeted supplements (like alpha lipoic acid and resveratrol) for 48 hours, measuring cellular metabolism, ROS levels, and mitochondrial potential.
- * Results indicated that combining nutraceuticals with ibrutinib decreased cell survivability, increased ROS production, raised mitochondrial membrane potential, and heightened expression of apoptotic and inflammatory genes in CLL cybrids.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates the expression of immune checkpoint proteins LAG3 and CTLA-4 in uveal melanoma (UM), focusing on their potential as targets for immunotherapy due to the poor response rates of PD-1/PD-L1 agents in UM.
- - Immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR were used to analyze tissue samples and serum from UM patients, revealing that higher levels of LAG3 and CTLA-4 were associated with worse metastasis-free survival (MFS).
- - The findings indicate that elevated LAG3 expression in UM is linked to increased metastatic potential, suggesting its role as a promising target for immunotherapy, possibly in combination with existing treatments.
Article Synopsis
- * PRAME was found to be expressed in 24% of UM cases, with a significant correlation to high-risk clinicopathological features, such as high mitotic activity and extraocular invasion.
- * Patients with PRAME expression had a significantly lower metastasis-free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OS), indicating that nPRAME and nBAP1 loss could serve as important prognostic tools for managing high-risk UM cases.
Article Synopsis
- Diagnosing ocular tuberculosis (TB) is challenging, leading to a study aimed at analyzing TB DNA in patients with suspected ocular TB through PCR testing of ocular fluids and blood samples.* -
- The study involved 31 patients, with tubercular DNA found in ocular fluids of seven cases; only six of these also tested positive in blood, indicating that the DNA might not signify a primary ocular TB infection.* -
- The findings suggest that positive PCR results from ocular fluids should be interpreted with caution and correlated with blood tests and systemic evaluations to avoid misdiagnosing uveitis as tubercular.*
Article Synopsis
- Early cord clamping (ECC) at 10-15 seconds has been changed to delayed cord clamping (DCC) for at least 30 seconds to reduce the risk of infant anemia by increasing blood volume and hemoglobin levels in newborns.
- The study compared hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum ferritin levels in infants born to anemic mothers, analyzing outcomes between those receiving early vs. delayed cord clamping.
- Results showed that DCC led to significantly higher levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and ferritin at 4 weeks, suggesting it should be recommended in routine practice, especially in resource-limited settings.
The aim of this study was to determine the role of retrograde signaling (mitochondria to nucleus) in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Therefore, in the present study, MCF7-H and MCF7-J cybrids were produced using the mitochondria from the same H and J individuals that were already used in our non-diseased retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE19) cybrids. MCF7 cybrids were treated with cisplatin and analyzed for cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS, and expression levels of genes associated with the cGAS-STING and cancer-related pathways.
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- The study investigated the negative effects of bacteriostatic and bactericidal antibiotics, specifically tetracycline (TETRA) and ciprofloxacin (CPFX), on AMD cybrid cell lines with K, U, and J mtDNA haplogroups.
- Results showed that higher concentrations of CPFX increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and cell death, while TETRA reduced ROS in some haplogroups but still caused higher cell death in others.
- Overall, the findings suggest that clinically relevant doses of these antibiotics can have harmful effects on AMD cybrid cells, indicating potential risks for individuals with these mtDNA haplogroups.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigated the harmful effects of antibiotics ciprofloxacin (CPFX) and tetracycline (TETRA) on human retinal Müller cells, focusing on alterations in metabolism, mitochondrial function, and gene expression involved in apoptosis and inflammation.
- - Results showed that TETRA exposure, particularly at 120 μg/ml, led to increased cell metabolism, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and changes in the expression of specific genes related to apoptosis and inflammation.
- - Conversely, CPFX treatment negatively impacted cell metabolism and mitochondrial health, particularly at 120 μg/ml, leading to increased apoptosis-related gene expression and reduced mitochondrial DNA copy numbers, indicating that both antibiotics can
Article Synopsis
- This study aims to explore mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations in primary and metastatic uveal melanoma (UM) cells to understand how these variations relate to cell metabolism and metastatic progression.
- The researchers sequenced mtDNA from two primary UM cell lines and two metastatic cell lines, measuring mtDNA copy numbers and gene expression related to mitochondrial biogenesis.
- Findings revealed specific SNPs in metastatic cells and differences in gene expression related to energy metabolism, suggesting that mtDNA variations could play a role in developing treatments for metastatic UM.
Article Synopsis
- A COVID-19 positive patient in the green zone of a hospital can potentially infect others, leading to staff shortages and increased risk of spread.
- A quality improvement (QI) initiative was launched to reduce the admission of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients in the green zone from 20% to 10% within four weeks, using dynamic triaging and creating gray zones for those awaiting test results.
- The initiative successfully decreased the admission of unsuspected positive cases to 0%, resulting in fewer health care workers needing quarantine or testing positive for COVID-19.
Background: To understand how to improve the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors in uveal melanoma (UM), we need a better understanding of the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1, their relation with the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and their prognostic relevance in UM patients.
Materials And Methods: Expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 was assessed in 71 UM tissue samples by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and further validated by western blotting. The effect of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) on PD-1/PD-L1 expression was determined on four UM cell lines.