Publications by authors named "Laszlo Tiszlavicz"

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to severe acute respiratory syndrome, and while most individuals recover within weeks, approximately 30-40% experience persistent symptoms collectively known as Long COVID, post-COVID-19 syndrome, or post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (PASC). These enduring symptoms, including fatigue, respiratory difficulties, body pain, short-term memory loss, concentration issues, and sleep disturbances, can persist for months. According to recent studies, SARS-CoV-2 infection causes prolonged disruptions in mitochondrial function, significantly altering cellular energy metabolism.

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In recent years a significant demand to develop computer-assisted diagnostic tools to assess prostate cancer using whole slide images has been observed. In this study we develop and validate a machine learning system for cancer assessment, inclusive of detection of perineural invasion and measurement of cancer portion to meet clinical reporting needs. The system analyses the whole slide image in three consecutive stages: tissue detection, classification, and slide level analysis.

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  • The study investigates the role of MUC17 in pancreatic cancer (PC) progression, particularly under the influence of bile acids (BAs) and human serum from patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and obstructive jaundice (OJ).
  • Researchers found that higher levels of MUC17 are linked with poorer survival outcomes in PDAC patients, with significantly reduced survival time associated with elevated MUC17 expression.
  • In laboratory tests, BAs and human serum treatment increased MUC17 levels and cell proliferation in PDAC cells, while reducing MUC17 led to decreased carcinogenic processes, highlighting MUC17 as a potential new biomarker for prognosis in PC.
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  • Obesity is linked to chronic diseases and is characterized by systemic inflammation due to fat tissue release of inflammatory proteins; this study aimed to understand these processes in mice models with different diets.
  • Male mice were fed high-fat diets (with or without fructose) or a normal diet for 21 weeks, with various tests conducted to assess weight gain, insulin resistance, and inflammation.
  • Results showed that the high-fat/high-fructose diet led to greater obesity symptoms and inflammation compared to the other diets, suggesting that this combination exacerbates metabolic syndrome.
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  • Human pulmonary dirofilariasis (HPD) is a rare disease caused by the Dirofilaria immitis parasite, typically spread through mosquito bites, with dogs being the main hosts and most cases reported in Mediterranean countries.
  • A study in Hungary documented 5 cases of HPD over 12 years, all involving middle-aged patients with tumor-like lung lesions requiring surgical intervention; histological tests confirmed the presence of remnants of the parasite.
  • The study emphasizes the need for clinicians to be aware of HPD in diagnoses of lung lesions, as early detection is crucial for effective treatment and to avoid unnecessary surgeries.
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  • A murine model of colorectal cancer (CRC) was created by injecting CT26 colon carcinoma cells into the spleen of BALB/c mice to study cancer spread to the liver.
  • The presence of CRC was confirmed using specific staining techniques, and changes in white blood cell populations were investigated through immunophenotyping and lectin binding assays.
  • Proteomic analysis revealed unique protein expressions in CRC-affected tissues, identifying potential biomarkers like Galectin-1 and S100A4 that are linked to poor patient outcomes, which could inform future treatment strategies for human CRC.
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  • Micro-environmental factors like stromal and immune cells, along with hormones, significantly influence the progression of melanoma.
  • A study with 89 melanoma patients revealed a notable link between elevated gastrin levels and increased melanoma thickness and metastasis, suggesting higher cancer progression risks.
  • Gastrin was shown to promote melanoma cell migration and invasion through CCK2 receptors, with interactions in the tumor environment potentially exacerbating these effects, especially when combined with dermal fibroblasts/myofibroblasts.
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  • The study assessed the effects of platinum-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint therapy on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, focusing on immune response markers in their blood.
  • Using flow cytometry and other advanced techniques, researchers detected NSCLC-specific antibodies and various soluble immune markers in the plasma samples of treated patients.
  • The results indicated significant immune alterations in patients after treatment, including changes in specific T-cell and B-cell populations, highlighting the immunomodulatory effects of these cancer therapies.
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Inflammasomes, primarily responsible for the activation of IL-1β, have emerged as critical regulators of the tumor microenvironment. By using in vivo and in vitro brain metastasis models, as well as human samples to study the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) brain metastases, we found NLRP3 inflammasome components and IL-1β to be highly and specifically expressed in peritumoral astrocytes. Soluble factors from TNBC cells induced upregulation and activation of NLRP3 and IL-1β in astrocytes, while astrocyte-derived mediators augmented the proliferation of metastatic cells.

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The prognostic markers of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) are less investigated. The aim of our study was to evaluate tumour budding (TB), minimal cell nest size, nuclear diameter (ND), and spread through air spaces (STAS) among patients with resected LSCC, semi-quantitatively. Furthermore, we aimed to identify a grading system for the best prognostic stratification of LSCC.

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  • Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare condition characterized by an abnormal increase of histiocytes, which can affect both lymph nodes and other areas of the body.
  • In a case study of a 53-year-old male, imaging initially suggested a meningioma due to a meningeal lesion, but further analysis revealed a mix of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes.
  • The definitive diagnosis of RDD relies on identifying unique histological features, like emperipolesis and specific immunohistochemical markers, making it challenging to differentiate from other conditions.
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The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatments. However, the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors may entail severe side effects, with the risk of therapeutic resistance. The generation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells or CAR-NK cells requires specialized molecular laboratories, is costly, and is difficult to adapt to the rapidly growing number of cancer patients.

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  • * There are currently no targeted treatments for either RAP or early CP, making it important to explore the underlying cell interactions that lead to disease progression.
  • * This study found that inhibiting Orai1, a key signaling mechanism linked to calcium overload in pancreatic cells, can halt the progression of RAP and early CP, suggesting that targeting Orai1 might help prevent severe stages of CP.
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The therapeutic approach to brain metastases has changed significantly in the last 30 years. The development of surgical technique, the use of new MRI techniques, preoperative surgical planning and the administration of intraoperative navigation reduced the risks of surgery and improved the results. In the case of aggressive renal cell carcinomas, we detect brain metastases relatively often, which are difficult to treat, but the improved surgical and radiosurgery techniques can also be used with success.

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Introduction: Therapeutic treatment for advanced-stage (T-T) gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) and gastric cancer involves neoadjuvant chemotherapy with subsequent surgical intervention.

Method: Neoadjuvant oncological treatment for GEJ and gastric cancer previously consisted of the intravenous administration of epirubicin, cisplatin and fluorouracil (ECF) or epirubicin, cisplatin and capecitabine (ECX) combination (Group 1). The new protocol (FLOT, F: 5-FU, L: leucovorin, O: oxaliplatin, T: docetaxel), included patients with resectable GEJ and gastric cancer who had a clinical stage cT or higher nodal positive cN+ disease (Group 2).

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  • The treatment of mixed large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is not well-researched due to its rarity, but ALK inhibitors show promise as an alternative to traditional chemotherapy.
  • A 52-year-old woman initially diagnosed with papillary predominant lung adenocarcinoma later developed brain metastases, which were confirmed to be large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with ALK-rearrangement.
  • The patient responded positively to alectinib treatment, resulting in regression of liver metastases and no disease progression for three years, highlighting the importance of testing for ALK fusion genes in these tumors for potential targeted therapies.
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  • Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare tumor of mesothelial cells, with an increasing occurrence worldwide and categorized into three main subtypes: epithelioid, biphasic, and sarcomatoid.
  • Diagnosing these subtypes can be difficult due to their non-specific cell morphology, but immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis can aid in distinguishing between them.
  • The presentation highlights two cases: epithelioid mesothelioma showed positive markers like CK5/6 and calretinin, while biphasic mesothelioma displayed different markers like EMA and CKAE1/AE3, emphasizing the need for specific IHC markers in diagnosis.
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Lipid metabolic disturbances are associated with several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes or malignancy. In the last two decades, high-performance mass spectrometry-based lipidomics has emerged as a valuable tool in various fields of biology. However, the evaluation of macroscopic tissue homogenates leaves often undiscovered the differences arising from micron-scale heterogeneity.

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During the last decade, one of the most important treatment options for locally advanced, potencially resectable rectal tumours was neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery. Effects of the neoadjuvant treatment on surgical outcomes were retrospectively analysed in 185 patients with stage T2-T4 and N0-2, resectable rectal tumour among two patient groups defined by radiosensitizer agents. Group 1 ( = 94) involved radiotherapy (RT) with 50.

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Introduction: The extent of spread through air spaces (STAS) is less investigated among patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent sublobar resection. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the extent of STAS semi-quantitatively, to assess its prognostic impact on overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), and to investigate the reproducibility of this assessment.

Methods: The number of tumour cell clusters and single tumour cells within air spaces was recorded in three different most prominent areas (200x field of view).

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Introduction: The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is associated with high mortality rates worldwide. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is extensively used for virus detection in both infected patients and deceased persons. PCR, however, gives no information about the localization of the virus in cells and tissues.

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  • * Most of these surgeries involved laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication, with an emphasis on monitoring long-term postoperative outcomes and the quality of life of patients using specific scores like the Visick score.
  • * The study highlighted how laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery can restore lower esophageal sphincter function, eliminate acid and bile reflux, and potentially lead to regression of Barrett's esophagus, though ongoing endoscopic monitoring is crucial due to the varying nature of GERD and Barrett's esophagus.
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  • The study discusses the shift in treatment for advanced gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, using neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery, focusing on two different chemotherapy regimens: ECF/ECX (Group I) and FLOT (Group II).
  • The research involved analyzing surgical outcomes, tumor regression, and side effects from these two chemotherapy protocols in patients with T2-T4 tumors over a specific time period.
  • Results indicated that the FLOT protocol led to a significantly higher number of complete tumor regressions compared to the older ECF/ECX treatment, though no major differences in surgical safety and side effects were observed between the two groups.
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Alcoholic pancreatitis and hepatitis are frequent, potentially lethal diseases with limited treatment options. Our previous study reported that the expression of CFTR Cl channel is impaired by ethanol in pancreatic ductal cells leading to more severe alcohol-induced pancreatitis. In addition to determining epithelial ion secretion, CFTR has multiple interactions with other proteins, which may influence intracellular Ca signaling.

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  • - The study examined how long-term exercise affects the heart structure and function in New Zealand white rabbits trained for 12 weeks on a treadmill, comparing them to sedentary rabbits.
  • - Results showed that the exercised rabbits had a larger left ventricle, longer PQ and RR intervals on ECG, and higher heart rate variability, suggesting better heart function.
  • - However, the trained rabbits also exhibited increased susceptibility to arrhythmias, with longer action potential durations at low potassium and higher levels of fibrotic biomarkers, indicating potential risks for life-threatening heart problems.
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