Incidence, risk factors, management strategies, and outcomes of antibody-mediated rejection in pediatric kidney transplant recipients-a multicenter analysis of the Cooperative European Paediatric Renal Transplant Initiative (CERTAIN).

Background: This study by the Cooperative European Paediatric Renal Transplant Initiative (CERTAIN) was designed to determine the incidence, risk factors, current management strategies, and outcomes of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) in pediatric kidney transplant recipients (pKTR).

Methods: We performed an international, multicenter, longitudinal cohort study of data reported to the Cooperative European Paediatric Renal Transplant Initiative (CERTAIN) registry. Three hundred thirty-seven pKTR from 21 European centers were analyzed.

Favorable Outcome After Single-kidney Transplantation From Small Donors in Children: A Match-controlled CERTAIN Registry Study.

Background: Kidney transplantation (KTx) from small donors is associated with inferior graft survival in registry studies, whereas single-center studies show favorable results.

Methods: We compared 175 pediatric KTx from small donors ≤20 kg (SDKTx) with 170 age-matched recipients from adult donors (ADKTx) from 20 centers within the Cooperative European Paediatric Renal Transplant Initiative registry. Graft survival and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were analyzed by Cox regression and mixed models.

Cytokine production pattern of T lymphocytes in neonatal arterial ischemic stroke during the first month of life-a case study.

Background: The perinatal period carries the highest risk for stroke in childhood; however, the pathophysiology is poorly understood and preventive, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies are not available. A new pathophysiological model describes the development of neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (NAIS) as the combined result of prenatal inflammation and hypoxic-ischemic insult. Neuroinflammation and a systemic inflammatory response are also important features of NAIS.

Distinct cytokine patterns may regulate the severity of neonatal asphyxia-an observational study.

Background: Neuroinflammation and a systemic inflammatory reaction are important features of perinatal asphyxia. Neuroinflammation may have dual aspects being a hindrance, but also a significant help in the recovery of the CNS. We aimed to assess intracellular cytokine levels of T-lymphocytes and plasma cytokine levels in moderate and severe asphyxia in order to identify players of the inflammatory response that may influence patient outcome.

T-Cell Subsets in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients on Long-Term Anti-TNF or IL-6 Receptor Blocker Therapy.

Data on the impact of biological therapies on the T-cell phenotype in rheumatoid arthritis are limited. Here, we prospectively measured the percentages of 15 circulating T-cell subtypes using flow cytometry. We obtained transversal and longitudinal data in 30 anti-TNF responders, 19 secondary anti-TNF nonresponders, and 43 IL-6R antagonist responders, before, 8 weeks and at least 6 months after biological therapy.

The role of B7 family costimulatory molecules and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in primary Sjögren's syndrome and systemic sclerosis.

B7 costimulatory molecules are present on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and influence intracellular expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a molecule with important immunoregulatory functions. We determined the frequency of activated (CD11b+) monocytes expressing B7-1, B7-2, B7-H1, and B7-H2 molecules, and that of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells expressing the corresponding CD28, CTLA-4, PD-1, and ICOS receptors in peripheral blood samples of 20 healthy adults and 9 SSc and 15 pSS patients using flow cytometry. We also examined the intracellular expression of IDO.

Impact of aging on calcium influx and potassium channel characteristics of T lymphocytes.

Adaptive immunity and T cell function are affected by aging. Calcium influx patterns, regulated by Kv1.3 and IKCa1 potassium channels, influence T cell activation.

B7 costimulation and intracellular indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression in peripheral blood of healthy pregnant and non-pregnant women.

Background: B7 costimulatory molecules are expressed on antigen presenting cells (APCs) and are important regulators of T cell activation. We investigated the role of the B7 family of costimulatory molecules in the development of the systemic maternal immune tolerance during healthy pregnancy (HP). We also aimed to investigate the intracellular expression of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and plasma levels of tryptophane (TRP), kynurenine (KYN) and kynurenic acid (KYNA), important molecules with immunoregulatory properties, in order to describe their potential contribution to the pregnancy-specific maternal immune tolerance.

B7 costimulation and intracellular indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in umbilical cord blood and adult peripheral blood.

Alterations in the expression of B7 costimulatory molecules and their receptors, as well as differences in the tryptophan (TRP) catabolic pathway, may influence immunological reactivity of umbilical cord blood (UCB) compared with adult peripheral blood (APB) T lymphocytes. We determined the frequency of activated (CD11b(+)) monocytes expressing B7-1, B7-2, B7-H1, and B7-H2, and that of T cells and CD4(+) T helper cells expressing CD28, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death-1 receptor, and inducible costimulator of T cells in UCB and APB samples using flow cytometry. We also examined the intracellular expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) applying flow cytometry and plasma levels of TRP, kynurenine (KYN), and kynurenic acid using high-performance liquid chromatography.