Dopamine-Sensitive Anterior Cingulate Cortical Glucose-Monitoring Neurons as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Gustatory and Other Behavior Alterations.

: The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is known for its involvement in various regulatory functions, including in the central control of feeding. Activation of local elements of the central glucose-monitoring (GM) neuronal network appears to be indispensable in these regulatory processes. Destruction of these type 2 glucose transporter protein (GLUT2)-equipped chemosensory cells results in multiple feeding-associated functional alterations.

Brain RFamide Neuropeptides in Stress-Related Psychopathologies.

The RFamide peptide family is a group of proteins that share a common C-terminal arginine-phenylalanine-amide motif. To date, the family comprises five groups in mammals: neuropeptide FF, LPXRFamides/RFamide-related peptides, prolactin releasing peptide, QRFP, and kisspeptins. Different RFamide peptides have their own cognate receptors and are produced by different cell populations, although they all can also bind to neuropeptide FF receptors with different affinities.

The role of intraamygdaloid oxytocin in spatial learning and avoidance learning.

The goal of the present study is to investigate the role of intraamygdaloid oxytocin in learning-related mechanisms. Oxytocin is a neuropeptide which is involved in social bonding, trust, emotional responses and various social behaviors. By conducting passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests on male Wistar rats, the role of intraamygdaloid oxytocin in memory performance and learning was investigated.

Intraamygdaloid Oxytocin Increases Time Spent on Social Interaction in Valproate-Induced Autism Animal Model.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder that affects about 1.5% of children worldwide. One of the core symptoms is impaired social interaction.

Transcriptional activity of the long control region in human papillomavirus type 33 intratype variants.

Background: High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are responsible for the development of cervical and other anogenital cancers. Intratype sequence variants of certain high-risk HPV types (e.g.

The Role of Intra-Amygdaloid Neurotensin and Dopamine Interaction in Spatial Learning and Memory.

Neurotransmitter and neuromodulator neurotensin (NT) has been proved to facilitate spatial and passive avoidance learning after microinjected into the rat central nucleus of amygdala (CeA). These previous studies of our laboratory also revealed that neurotensin-1 receptor (NTS1) is involved in the mentioned actions of NT. Extensive literature confirms the interaction between neurotensinergic and dopaminergic systems, and our research group also suppose that the mesolimbic dopaminergic system (MLDS) is involved in the spatial learning and memory-facilitating effect of NT in the CeA.

The Role of Intraamygdaloid Oxytocin and D2 Dopamine Receptors in Reinforcement in the Valproate-Induced Autism Rat Model.

Background: autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting around 1 out of 68 children and its incidence shows an increasing tendency. There is currently no effective treatment for ASD. In autism research, the valproate (VPA)-induced autism rodent model is widely accepted.

Intraamygdaloid Oxytocin Reduces Anxiety in the Valproate-Induced Autism Rat Model.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder affecting about 1.5% of children, and its prevalence is increasing. Anxiety is one of the most common comorbid signs of ASD.

Coordinated action of human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins on competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network members in primary human keratinocytes.

Background: miRNAs and lncRNAs can regulate cellular biological processes both under physiological and pathological conditions including tumour initiation and progression. Interactions between differentially expressed diverse RNA species, as a part of a complex intracellular regulatory network (ceRNA network), may contribute also to the pathogenesis of HPV-associated cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the global expression changes of miRNAs, lncRNAs and mRNAs driven by the E6 and E7 oncoproteins of HPV16, and construct a corresponding ceRNA regulatory network of coding and non-coding genes to suggest a regulatory network associated with high-risk HPV16 infections.

Which Is More Toxic? Evaluation of the Short-Term Toxic Effects of Chlorpyrifos and Cypermethrin on Selected Biomarkers in Common Carp (, Linnaeus 1758).

The general aim of this study was to investigate the negative short-term effects of different concentrations of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and cypermethrin (CYP), based on the EU legislation (MAC-EQS) in common carp ( Linnaeus, 1758) under laboratory conditions and to compare their toxicity. The fish were exposed to the pesticides for 96 h and then different histological and biochemical biomarkers were investigated in the gills and liver, and bioaccumulation analyses were conducted. The chemical studies showed increased pesticide concentrations in the gills as the first site for pollutants compared to the liver at the 96th hour.

The role of D2 dopamine receptors in oxytocin induced place preference and anxiolytic effect.

Neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) is involved in the regulation of social and non-social behaviour. The central nucleus of amygdala (CeA), part of the limbic system, plays an important role in learning, memory, anxiety and reinforcing mechanisms. CeA has been shown to be rich in OT receptors in rodents.

Disturbance of taste reactivity and other behavioral alterations after bilateral interleukin-1β microinjection into the cingulate cortex of the rat.

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), is known to be intimately involved in food-related motivational processes and their behavioral organization, primarily by evaluating hedonic properties of the relevant stimuli. In the present study, the involvement of cingulate cortical interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mediated mechanisms in a) gustation associated facial and somato-motor behavioral patterns of Wistar rats were examined in taste reactivity test (TR). In addition, b) conditioned taste aversion (CTA) paradigm was performed to investigate the role of these cytokine mechanisms in taste sensation associated learning processes, c) the general locomotor activity of the animals was observed in open field test (OPF), and d) the potentially negative reinforcing effect of IL-1β was examined in conditioned place preference test (CPP).

The effect of loss of the glucose-monitoring neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex: Physiologic challenges induce complex feeding-metabolic alterations after local streptozotocin microinjection in rats.

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is interrelated to limbic structures, parts of the central glucose-monitoring (GM) network. GM neurons, postulated to exist here, are hypothesised to participate in regulatory functions, such as the central control of feeding and metabolism. In the present experiments, GM neurons were identified and examined in the ACC by means of the multibarreled microelectrophoretic technique.

Gold Size Effect in the Thermal-Induced Reaction of CO₂ and H₂ on Titania- and Titanate Nanotube-Supported Gold Catalysts.

In this paper, we study the thermal activation of CO₂ on the surface of small Au nanoparticles supported on TiO₂ and titanate nanotube. We characterize the catalysts with high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and total gold content measurement. We performed catalytic test in flow reactors then we investigate the surface of the catalysts during the adsorption and reaction processes by diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS).

Phylogenetic and functional analysis of sequence variation of human papillomavirus type 31 E6 and E7 oncoproteins.

High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the causative agents of cervical and other anogenital cancers as well as a subset of head and neck cancers. The E6 and E7 oncoproteins of HPV contribute to oncogenesis by associating with the tumour suppressor protein p53 and pRb, respectively. For HPV types 16 and 18, intratypic sequence variation was shown to have biological and clinical significance.

CpG methylation in human papillomavirus (HPV) type 31 long control region (LCR) in cervical infections associated with cytological abnormalities.

The mechanisms that regulate papillomavirus gene expression include DNA methylation. The transcription of papillomavirus oncogenes E6 and E7 is controlled by certain regulatory elements in the LCR, which include binding sites for the E2 protein, a viral regulator of oncogene expression. In HPV-31-infected exfoliated cervical cells, the CpG methylation of the entire LCR was determined by next-generation sequencing after bisulfite modification.

Prognostic value of medulloblastoma extent of resection after accounting for molecular subgroup: a retrospective integrated clinical and molecular analysis.

Background: Patients with incomplete surgical resection of medulloblastoma are controversially regarded as having a marker of high-risk disease, which leads to patients undergoing aggressive surgical resections, so-called second-look surgeries, and intensified chemoradiotherapy. All previous studies assessing the clinical importance of extent of resection have not accounted for molecular subgroup. We analysed the prognostic value of extent of resection in a subgroup-specific manner.

Phylogenetic evidence for a new species of Barbus in the Danube River basin.

Three species of small-sized rheophilic Barbus fishes are endemic to and widely distributed throughout the mountain regions in the Danube River basin. In Hungary, barbels referred to as B. petenyi occur in streams in the foothills of the Carpathians near the borders with Slovakia, Ukraine and Romania.

Review of global rotavirus strain prevalence data from six years post vaccine licensure surveillance: is there evidence of strain selection from vaccine pressure?

Comprehensive reviews of pre licensure rotavirus strain prevalence data indicated the global importance of six rotavirus genotypes, G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], G9P[8] and G12P[8]. Since 2006, two vaccines, the monovalent Rotarix (RV1) and the pentavalent RotaTeq (RV5) have been available in over 100 countries worldwide. Of these, 60 countries have already introduced either RV1 or RV5 in their national immunization programs.

A multi-centre cohort study of short term outcomes of hospital treatment for anorexia nervosa in the UK.

Background: Individual, family and service level characteristics and outcomes are described for adult and adolescent patients receiving specialist inpatient or day patient treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN). Potential predictors of treatment outcome are explored.

Method: Admission and discharge data were collected from patients admitted at 14 UK hospital treatment units for AN over a period of three years (adult units N = 12; adolescent N = 2) (patients N = 177).

Metal loading determines the stabilization pathway for Co2+ in titanate nanowires: ion exchange vs. cluster formation.

Co nanoparticles were produced and characterized on protonated titanate nanowires. Co deposits were obtained after low-temperature decomposition of Co2(CO)8 on titanate nanostructures. The carbonylation was carried out by vapor-phase adsorption in a fluidized bed reactor and the decarbonylation processes were followed by FT-IR spectroscopy and microbalance combined with temperature programmed reaction mass spectrometry.

Empirical examination of the interpersonal maintenance model of anorexia nervosa.

Objective: A cognitive interpersonal maintenance model of anorexia nervosa (AN) was first proposed in 2006 and updated in 2013 (Schmidt and Treasure, J Br J Clin Psychol, 45, 343-366, 2006; Treasure and Schmidt, J Eat Disorders, in press.). The aim of this study was to test the interpersonal component of this model in people with AN requiring intensive hospital treatment (inpatient/day patient).

[Targeted nanomedicine in diagnostics and therapy of neurological diseases].

The incidence of neurological diseases increases. The up to date diagnostics and therapeutics approaches require the cost-effective and personalized solutions. The nanomedicine now, --and likely more in the future--opens a new horizon in the treatment of neurological diseases.

One year survey of human rotavirus strains suggests the emergence of genotype G12 in Cameroon.

In this study the emergence of rotavirus A genotype G12 in children <5 years of age is reported from Cameroon during 2010/2011. A total of 135 human stool samples were P and G genotyped by reverse transcriptase PCR. Six different rotavirus VP7 genotypes were detected, including G1, G2, G3, G8, G9, and G12 in combinations with P[4], P[6] and P[8] VP4 genotypes.