The development and performance of a perforated plate burner to produce vitiated flow with negligible swirl under engine-relevant gas turbine conditions.

The development and performance of a perforated plate burner (PPB) operating using premixed natural gas and air at engine-relevant inlet temperatures and combustor pressures with thermal powers up to 1 MW is discussed. A significant benefit of using burners with simplified flow fields, such as the PPB, for experimental studies in the laboratory is the potential for decoupling the complex fluid dynamics in typical combustors from the chemical kinetics. The primary motivation for developing this burner was to use it as a source of vitiated flow with negligible swirl for reacting jet in vitiated crossflow experiments.

Accuracy of measurements of mandibular anatomy in cone beam computed tomography images.

Objectives: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of ideally positioned and systematically mispositioned dry skulls were measured using two-dimensional and three-dimensional software measurement techniques. Image measurements were compared with caliper measurements of the skulls.

Study Design: Cone beam computed tomography volumes of 28 skulls in ideal, shifted, and rotated positions were assessed by measuring distances between anatomic points and reference wires by using panoramic reconstructions (two-dimensional) and direct measurements from axial slices (three-dimensional).

Accuracy of measurements of mandibular anatomy and prediction of asymmetry in panoramic radiographic images.

Objectives: Measurements of ideally positioned and systematically mis-positioned skulls were used to evaluate errors in linear measurements and symmetry ratios made with panoramic X-ray images.

Methods: Digital panoramic images of 30 skulls placed in ideal, shifted and rotated positions, were assessed by measuring distances between anatomic points and fiducial references. Differences between photographic measurements (control) and radiographic measurements were compared.

Signal transduction and HIV transcriptional activation after exposure to ultraviolet light and other DNA-damaging agents.

Short wavelength (254 nm) ultraviolet light (UVC) radiation was much more potent in activating transcription of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV) reporter genes stably integrated into the genomes of human and monkey cells than ionizing radiation (IR) from a 137Cs source at similarly cytotoxic doses. A similar differential was also observed when c-jun transcription levels were examined. However, these transcription levels do not correlate with activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B and AP-1 measured by band-shift assays, i.

Ionizing radiation activates nuclear factor kappa B but fails to produce an increase in human immunodeficiency virus gene expression in stably transfected human cells.

We have investigated the differential effects of ultraviolet light(UV) and ionizing radiation (IR) on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) and c-jun expression in HIVcat/HeLa cells. This cell line harbors integrated copies of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene under control of the HIV promoter. Both UV and IR increased the binding of nuclear proteins to an oligonucleotide spanning the HIV enhancer region nuclear factor kappa B sites, but only UV increased HIVcat steady-state mRNA and CAT activity.

Activation of human immunodeficiency virus gene expression by ultraviolet light in stably transfected human cells does not require the enhancer element.

Ultraviolet light (UV) exposure of cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV) or transfected with HIV reporter genes increases virus-directed gene expression. Here we report the mapping of the UV response on the long terminal repeat (LTR) by using human cells stably transfected with HIV promoter plasmids harboring different mutations and controlling the expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter gene. Promoter mutation analysis revealed that no specific upstream region of the LTR was associated with UV activation, although a significant decrease was observed with mutations in the basal promoter elements Spl and TATA.

Antitumor drug cross-resistance in vivo in a cisplatin-resistant murine P388 leukemia.

Since 1978, over 50 clinically useful antitumor drugs or new candidate antitumor agents have been evaluated in vivo against cisplatin-resistant P388 leukemia (P388/DDPt) in our laboratories. Analysis of this data base has yielded insights into the cross-resistance, collateral sensitivity, and mechanisms of resistance of P388/DDPt. P388/DDPt was cross-resistant or marginally cross-resistant to eight agents [carmethizole.

Antitumor activity of ethyl 5-amino-1,2-dihydro-2-methyl-3-phenyl-pyrido [3,4-b]pyrazin-7-ylcarbamate, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, hydrate (NSC 370147) against selected tumor systems in culture and in mice.

Ethyl 5-amino-1,2-dihydro-2-methyl-3-phenylpyrido[3,4-b]pyrazin- 7-ylcarbamate, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, hydrate (NSC 370147) was evaluated for antitumor activity against a spectrum of tumor systems in culture and in mice. NSC 370147 was cytotoxic to a variety of mouse and human cell lines at nanomolar concentrations. The compound exhibited good in vivo antitumor activity against several murine tumors (P388 and L1210 leukemia, colon 11/A and 36, mammary 16/C, and M5076 sarcoma).

Magnetic resonance imaging of the paranasal sinuses: frequency and type of abnormalities.

This retrospective study reports on sinus abnormalities detected in patients having magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Over a 12-month period, 1120 patients (aged 2-87 years) had MRI scans done for suspected intracranial pathology. Scans were reviewed independently for abnormal sinuses using four criteria: increased signal of the epithelial lining, cloudy or opacified sinus cavity, air-fluid levels, and intrasinus polyps.

Antitumor activity of 2-chloroethyl (methylsulfonyl)methanesulfonate (clomesone, NSC 33847) against selected tumor systems in mice.

Clomesone was evaluated for antitumor activity against a spectrum of animal tumor models. Clomesone exhibited significant antitumor activity against the murine L1210 leukemia implanted i.p.

Effect of homoharringtonine on the viability of murine leukemia P388 cells resistant to either adriamycin, vincristine, or 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine.

Cultured murine leukemia P388 cell populations were derived from P388 cells resistant to vincristine (P388/VCR), adriamycin (P388/ADR), and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (P388/ARA-C) that were developed in vivo and to the parental drug-sensitive cells (P388/O) that were passaged in vivo. The doubling times of the cultured cell populations (mean +/- SD) between cell densities of 5 x 10(4) and 1 x 10(6) cells/ml were 14.2 +/- 2 h (P388/O), 16.

Cross-resistance of drug-resistant murine leukemias to deoxyspergualin (NSC 356894) in vivo.

Deoxyspergualin, the 15-deoxy derivative of the antibiotic spergualin, is a novel guanidino analog structurally related to spermine. Deoxyspergualin has significant activity in selected experimental tumor models, and clinical trials have been initiated. Described here are in vivo evaluations of the therapeutic activity of deoxyspergualin against murine leukemia lines specifically resistant to eight clinically useful antitumor drugs.

Response of drug-sensitive and -resistant L1210 leukemias to high-dose chemotherapy.

Alkylating agent-sensitive and -resistant L1210 leukemia cell lines were used to determine the tumor response to dose levels of drugs that exceeded conventional doses up to a factor of 10. Since those dose levels were lethal to the host mice, tumor response was based on the results of in vivo bioassays of spleen and/or tumor from drug-treated and control mice. When mice bearing about 10(8) drug-sensitive leukemic cells were treated with a single, conventional (approximately 10% lethal) dose of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, L-phenylalanine mustard (melphalan), or 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, 10(1) to 10(4) tumor cells were recovered by bioassay.

2-Chloroethyl (methylsulfonyl)methanesulfonate and related (methylsulfonyl)methanesulfonates. Antineoplastic activity in vivo.

2-Haloethyl and ethyl (methylsulfonyl)methanesulfonates were prepared via sulfene intermediates. 2-Chloroethyl (methylsulfonyl)methanesulfonate is highly active against P388 leukemia in vivo; the majority of leukemic mice treated with this compound at 50 mg/kg per day, qd 1-5, survived more than 30 days and about 37% survived for more than 60 days. 2- Fluoroethyl (methylsulfonyl)methanesulfonate is also highly effective against P388 cells in vivo, but it is more toxic.

Establishment of cross-resistance profiles for new agents.

Sublines of murine leukemias (L1210 and P388) and solid tumors selected for resistance to representatives of all of the chemical and functional classes of clinically useful anticancer drugs have been isolated and established in serial in vivo passage and, in some cases, in vitro culture. Extensive resistance, cross-resistance, and collateral-sensitivity patterns have been established with most of the sublines of the drug-resistant murine leukemias under treatment with greater than 100 different established and clinically useful anticancer drugs or new candidate anticancer drugs currently under study. Patients selected for inclusion in phase I-II trials usually have tumors that have failed to respond to treatment with established clinically useful drugs, either from the start of treatment or during continuing treatment after initial useful response.

Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia in carcinomatous meningitis.

A 53-year-old man with oat cell carcinoma of the lung developed a bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia in association with carcinomatous meningitis. While bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia has been described in one case of cryptococcal meningitis, this is the first reported case occurring in association with carcinomatous meningitis.

Response of transplantable tumors of mice to anthracenedione derivatives alone and in combination with clinically useful agents.

Other investigators have demonstrated that dihydroxyanthracenedione (DiOHA) and anthracenedione acetate (AA) are active against a broad spectrum of transplantable mouse tumors. DiOHA and AA are in clinical trial in the US; AA is in clinical trial in Europe. Because of the broad spectrum of activity of these DNA binders against murine tumors and due to their promising clinical utility, we have evaluated these agents in combination with a variety of clinically useful antitumor drugs.

Reversal of methotrexate toxicity in mice by a calcium salt of citrovorum factor and related compounds.

The isolation of citrovorum factor from a chemically prepared mixture of the L(+/-) diastereoisomers (leucovorin) is described. The natural diastereoisomer was at least twice as effective as leucovorin in reversing methotrexate toxicity in mice.