Characteristics of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis in a tertiary Chilean hospital: An observational retrospective study.

Background: Central nervous system opportunistic infections can be the first presentation of an HIV infection. Our aim is to describe clinical and laboratory characteristics of HIV-associated Cryptococcal Meningitis (CM), in-hospital outcomes and analyze associations of these parameters with adverse outcomes.

Methods: Observational study of local cohort of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis in a high complexity tertiary urban hospital in Santiago, Chile.

[Commitment of the central nervous system by Eikenella corrodens. Literature review about a clinical case].

We present the case of a 22-year-old patient with no morbid history who developed a brain abscess secondary to endocarditis due to Eikenella corrodens. The diagnosis was established by detecting the microorganism by universal polymerase chain reaction in fluid from the brain collection. Trans-esophageal echocardiogram study confirmed vegetations in the mitral valve.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of people living with HIV hospitalized with COVID-19: a nationwide experience.

In this prospective, multicentric, observational study, we describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of people living with HIV (PLHIV) requiring hospitalization due to COVID-19 in Chile and compare them with Chilean general population admitted with SARS-CoV-2. Consecutive PLHIV admitted with COVID-19 in 23 hospitals, between 16 April and 23 June 2020, were included. Data of a temporally matched-hospitalized general population were used to compare demography, comorbidities, COVID-19 symptoms, and major outcomes.

Comparison of ultrasonographic versus infrared pupillary assessment.

Objectives: To evaluate the correlation between ultrasonographic and infrared pupillary assessments in critically ill patients, including neurocritically ill patients.

Design: Prospective, observational study.

Setting: Tertiary teaching hospital intensive care unit (ICU) in Montevideo, Uruguay.

A 45-Year-Old Man With Progressive Dyspnea, Chest Pain, and Hypereosinophilia.

A previously healthy 45-year-old man was admitted to our ED with a 3-week history of progressive dyspnea on exertion. He also presented with orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and mild ankle swelling, but he showed no fever, wheezing, coughing, or sputum production. Outpatient laboratory studies, performed 1 week after symptom onset, revealed hypereosinophilia (4.

[Prevention of vertical transmission and side effects of antiretroviral therapy in children born to HIV-positive South Eastern area of Santiago, Chile: 15-years perspective].

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has shown to be an effective measure in decreasing HIV vertical transmission (VT). Nevertheless, it is not free from adverse effects in the newborn: risk of prematurity, low birth weight, metabolic disorders, among others. Despite the importance of the subject, there are few national data that analyze the problem.

Rapid molecular detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients in Santiago, Chile.

Setting: Santiago, Chile, has a mean annual tuberculosis (TB) rate of 13 per 100 000 population; however, TB incidence in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals is at least 20 times higher.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of rapid molecular testing for pulmonary TB (PTB) detection in routine care in HIV-infected patients.

Design: Cross-sectional study, conducted prospectively in five hospitals between March 2010 and June 2011.

[Mirtazapine and antiretroviral therapy in the treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with HIV-1 infection: report of a case and review of literature].

We report a 43 years old HIV-1 infected male who developed a severe subacute neurological damage because of a progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy confirmed by PCR for JC virus. The patient was treated with antiretroviral therapy in adequate doses for CNS penetration and mirtazapine, an antidepressant inhibitor of serotonin receptors. His evolution during one year follow up has been favorable in both, clinically and images.

[Cervical mass caused by Salmonella Typhimurium as a clinical presentation of AIDS in a HIV-positive patient].

Infections due to non-typhi salmonellae (NTS) generally cause a mild and self-limited gastrointestinal disease. However, there have been reports of atypical and severe presentations in immunocompromised patients. We report the case of a male patient who consulted with a cervical mass.

Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in HIV-1-infected patients.

Objective: To characterize the clinical presentation, course and mortality of pandemic influenza in HIV-1-infected patients in Santiago, Chile.

Methods: Prospective observational study.

Results: Thirty patients were included (three hospitalized), 93% were on HAART, mean CD4(+) cell count was 423 cells/μl and viral load was undetectable in 77% of patients.

[Neurosyphilis in the patients with and without HIV infection: description and comparison of two historical cohorts].

Neurosyphilis follows a more aggressive and different clinical course in HIV-infected patients compared to patients with normal immunity. Two historical series of patients with a diagnosis of neurosyphilis between 1995 and 2008 were compared: they included a group of 15 patients with y and 28 patients without HIV infection. Probability of neurosyphilis in patients with positive serum VDRL was increased in patients infected with HIV compared to HIV negative patients (OR: 62.

A comparative study of two different methods for the detection of latent tuberculosis in HIV-positive individuals in Chile.

Objective: To compare the performance of two tests for diagnosing latent tuberculosis (TB) infection in the HIV-positive population in Chile, in order to better identify the subjects who might benefit from TB chemoprophylaxis.

Design: This was a cross-sectional study among individuals attending three HIV outpatient clinics in Santiago, tested with a 2-TU purified protein derivative, QuantiFERON((R))-TB Gold 'in-tube' (QFT-G), and a chest X-ray.

Results: A total of 116 subjects were enrolled in the study, having a mean CD4 count of 393cells/microl (range 100-977).

Caspofungin for the treatment of less common forms of invasive candidiasis.

Objectives: Caspofungin has demonstrated efficacy in invasive candidiasis. However, in a comparative study, most patients (>83%) had candidaemia. Therefore, we performed a study in patients with non-fungaemic invasive candidiasis.

Severe hypertension in pregnancy: hydralazine or labetalol. A randomized clinical trial.

Objective: The objective was to compare the safety and efficacy of intravenous labetalol and intravenous hydralazine for acutely lowering blood pressure in pregnancy.

Study Design: Two hundred women with severe hypertension in pregnancy were randomized to receive hydralazine (5 mg as a slow bolus dose given intravenously, and repeated every 20 min up to a maximum of five doses) or labetalol (20-mg intravenous bolus dose followed by 40 mg if not effective within 20 min, followed by 80 mg every 20 min up to a maximum dose of 300 mg). The primary end point was successful lowering of blood pressure and maternal hypotension.

Perinatal outcome in women with severe chronic hypertension during the second half of pregnancy.

Objectives: To determine the perinatal outcome associated with severe chronic hypertension (SCH) in pregnancies of > or =20 weeks' gestation.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of data obtained prospectively of patients with SCH (> or =160/110 mmHg) who were hospitalized and delivered during a 5-year period. Each patient received intensive monitoring of the clinical status throughout the hospitalization (mother, fetus and neonates).

[Kaposi sarcoma in HIV patients: Response to antiretroviral treatment and chemotherapy].

Background: Kaposi sarcoma is the most common tumor in HIV infected patients.

Aim: To describe a cohort of patients with Kaposi sarcoma.

Material And Methods: Retrospective review of HIV patients with Kaposi sarcoma seen at a public hospital and at a HIV clinic.

[Polyradiculopathy caused by cytomegalovirus in AIDS patients: successful treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)].

We report two male patients with AIDS, aged 23 and 30 years old respectively. One was admitted due to a progressive weakness of the left leg and urinary and fecal incontinence. The other was admitted due to a progressive paraparesia without incontinence, but with a severe lumbar pain.

[Fatal lactic acidosis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. Report of a case].

Type B lactic acidosis occurs without any evidence of cellular hypoxia and is associated with the use of drugs or toxins. We report a 36 years old woman with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome that was admitted to the hospital with a severe lactic acidosis. She had been treated with didanosine, stavudine and efavirenz for four months prior to admission.

High F1.2 fragment of prothrombin, thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) and soluble fibrin plasma levels demonstrate hypercoagulability induced during loco-regional thrombolytic therapy with rt-PA.

In order to investigate the coagulation and fibrinolysis state in arterial peripheral thrombosis and thrombolysis, we studied 33 consecutive patients (mean age = 65, range: 28-88), 25 males and 8 females diagnosed of acute or subacute lower limb arterial thrombosis, treated with an intrathrombus infusion of rt-PA (0.1 mg/Kg/h) for three hours. Plasma levels of antithrombin III (AT-III), protein C (PC), plasminogen (Pg) and alpha 2-antiplasmin (AP), total and free protein S (PS), thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT), F1.