Climatic forcing and individual heterogeneity in a resident mountain bird: legacy data reveal effects on reproductive strategies.

Optimization of clutch size and timing of reproduction have substantial effects on lifetime reproductive success in vertebrates, and both individual quality and environmental variation may impact life history strategies. We tested hypotheses related to maternal investment and timing of reproduction, using 17 years (1978-1994) of individual-based life history data on willow ptarmigan (, = 290 breeding females with = 319 breeding attempts) in central Norway. We analysed whether climatic variation and individual state variables (age and body mass) affected the number of offspring and timing of reproduction, and individual repeatability in strategies.

Drivers and consequences of partial migration in an alpine bird species.

Partial migration, where a portion of the population migrates between winter and summer (breeding) areas and the rest remain year-round resident, is a common phenomenon across several taxonomic groups. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain why some individuals migrate while others stay resident, as well as the fitness consequences of the different strategies. Yet, the drivers and consequences of the decision to migrate or not are poorly understood.

Should Pertrochanteric and Subtrochanteric Fractures Be Treated with a Short or Long Intramedullary Nail?: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: The purpose of the present multicenter cohort study was to compare the rates of reoperation in elderly patients with pertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures that had been treated with a short or long intramedullary nail.

Methods: Eleven orthopaedic departments across Denmark delivered data that had been obtained from the Danish Multidisciplinary Hip Fracture Registry (DMHFR) and a review of health-care records. With use of surgical procedure codes for pertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures that had been treated with an intramedullary nail, the DMRHF was searched to identify patients who had been ≥65 years of age between 2008 and 2013.

Evaluation of Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Predation Risk to Forest Grouse Nests in the Central European Mountain Regions.

We evaluated the spatiotemporal patterns of predation risk on black grouse nests using artificial nests that were monitored by camera traps in mountain areas with a small extant (Ore Mts.) and already extinct (Jeseníky Mts.) black grouse population.

Survival and cause-specific mortality of harvested willow ptarmigan () in central Norway.

Survival is a key demographic component that often varies as a result of human activities such as recreational harvest. Detailed understanding of seasonal variation in mortality patterns and the role of various risk factors is thus crucial for understanding the link between environmental variation and wildlife population dynamics and to design sustainable harvest management systems. Here, we report from a detailed seasonal and cause-specific decomposition of mortality risks in willow ptarmigan () in central Norway.

A randomized controlled trial comparing self-referral to inpatient treatment and treatment as usual in patients with severe mental disorders.

Background: There has been a call for increased patient autonomy and participation in psychiatry. Some Community Mental Health Centres (CMHC) have implemented services called 'self-referral to inpatient treatment' (SRIT) for patients with severe mental disorders.

Aims: To investigate whether SRIT could yield better outcomes after 12 months in use of mental health services for people with severe mental disorders than Treatment As Usual (TAU).

Re-establishing and preserving hope of recovery through user participation in patients with a severe mental disorder: the self-referral-to-inpatient-treatment project.

Aims: The treatment of patients with a severe mental disorder is generally not good enough. The aim of this article was to illustrate some alternative approaches for better understanding and treatment for the individual, besides seeing and interpreting the symptoms.

Methods: The context of understanding is regulation of emotions whit a person-based approach.

Short time effect of a self-referral to inpatient treatment for patients with severe mental disorders: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Service user participation is a central principle in mental healthcare, and the opportunity to self-refer to inpatient treatment is used to increase service user involvement and activation. The aim of this study was to investigate the short-term effect of a self-referral system in an inpatient rehabilitation unit at a community mental health center on patient activation and recovery in individuals with severe mental disorders.

Methods: A randomized controlled study including 53 patients (41 % females, mean age 40 years).

More than just a bed: mental health service users' experiences of self-referral admission.

Background: Several community mental health centres and mental hospitals in Norway now allow users with a diagnosis of severe mental illness to self-refer for admission. This give a group of service users who are well-known to service providers the opportunity to refer themselves for short inpatient stays without contacting their doctor, a duty doctor or emergency department. Evidence on self-referral admissions is lacking.

The long-term effect on mental health symptoms and patient activation of using patient feedback scales in mental health out-patient treatment. A randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To investigate the long-term effect on mental health symptoms and patient activation, from using the Partners for Change Outcome Management System (PCOMS) feedback scales in out-patient mental health consultations, compared to not using feedback scales.

Methods: An open parallel-group randomised controlled trial was conducted in a mental health hospital in Norway. Eight therapists treated the intervention group, using two feedback scales, and seventeen therapists treated the treatment as usual group.

Psychometric properties of the Patient Activation Measure-13 among out-patients waiting for mental health treatment: A validation study in Norway.

Objective: The Patient Activation Measure-13 (PAM-13) has been found useful for assessing patient knowledge, skills and confidence in management of chronic conditions, but the empirical evidence from mental health is sparse. The psychometric properties of PAM in out-patients waiting for treatment in community mental health centers (CMHC) have therefore been examined.

Methods: A total of 290 adults from two CMHC completed PAM.

How do patients with severe mental diagnosis cope in everyday life - a qualitative study comparing patients' experiences of self-referral inpatient treatment with treatment as usual?

Background: Several hospitals in Norway provide short self-referral inpatient treatment to patients with severe mental diagnosis. No studies have compared the experiences of patients who have had the opportunity to self-refer to inpatient treatment with patients who have received treatment as usual. This qualitative study was nested within a randomised controlled trial investigating the effect of self-referral to inpatient treatment.

Health-related quality of life in obese presurgery patients with and without binge eating disorder, and subdiagnostic binge eating disorders.

Objective: To study health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in obese presurgery patients with binge eating disorder (BED) and with subdiagnostic binge eating disorder (SBED) compared to patients without eating disorders or SBED.

Method: Participants were patients referred to St. Olavs University Hospital, Norway, for bariatric surgery.

Experiences and preferences of users with major mental disorders regarding helpful care in situations of mental crisis.

Aims: To examine the experiences of and preferences for helpful care in situations of mental crisis from the perspective of people with major mental disorders.

Methods: Qualitative individual interviews with 19 users with major mental disorder, 13 men and six women, aged 22-60 years. Analysis was conducted with systematic text condensation.

The short-term effect on alliance and satisfaction of using patient feedback scales in mental health out-patient treatment. A randomised controlled trial.

Background: The main aim was to investigate the effect of using two brief feedback scales in mental health out-patient treatment six weeks after starting treatment, compared to treatment as usual. Hypotheses were that use of feedback scales would improve treatment alliance and patient satisfaction.

Methods: An open parallel-group randomised controlled trial was conducted in an out-patient unit in a mental health hospital in Central Norway.

Depression, anxiety, and neuroticism in obese patients waiting for bariatric surgery: Differences between patients with and without eating disorders and subthreshold binge eating disorders.

Objective: This study investigated self-reported levels of depression, anxiety and neuroticism in obese patients waiting for bariatric surgery. The patients who indicated that they might have eating disorders (ED) or subthreshold binge eating disorders (SBED) were compared with those without.

Method: The design was cross sectional.

Stress and happiness among adolescents with varying frequency of physical activity.

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate associations between physical activity, stress, and happiness, as well as possible sex and age differences on these variables in a survey of 1,508 adolescent pupils (13 to 18 yr.) in middle Norway. Adolescents who reported they participated in physical activity 2 to 3 times per week or more scored significantly lower on stress and higher on happiness than those who participated in physical activity 1 day per week or less.

Characteristics of anorexia nervosa-related deaths in Norway (1992-2000): data from the National Patient Register and the Causes of Death Register.

Objective: This study investigated demographic and diagnostic characteristics of individuals whose medical record or death certificate indicated the presence of anorexia nervosa at the time of death.

Method: Two national registers, the National Patient Register (NPR) and the Causes of Death Register (CODR), were examined in Norway for anorexia nervosa-related deaths occurring across a 9-year period (1992-2000).

Results: The medical record or death certificate listed anorexia nervosa as a diagnosis or cause of death for 66 individuals.