Biochemical markers of bone metabolism in children with cow's milk allergy.

Introduction: Patients with cow's milk allergy (CMA) and following a cow milk protein-free diet for a long time are potentially at risk of developing bone abnormalities. To assess the balance between bone formation and resorption processes, we determined serum concentrations of osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), fetuin-A, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) in children with CMA.

Material And Methods: The study included 50 prepubertal children with diagnosed cow's milk allergy, who were under systematic medical and nutritional care at the Institute of Mother and Child and 40 healthy counterparts as a control group.

[The effect of tobacco smoking on serum concentration of selected angiogenic factors and somatomedin C in pregnant women and umbilical cord blood].

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on concentration of selected angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF, placenta growth factor PIGF) and somatomedin C (insulin-like growth factor-I) in blood of mothers and umbilical cord blood. The correlations between studied biochemical parameters and markers of estimated intensity of cigarette smoking as well as birth weight were also determined. Fifty healthy pregnant women were divided into two groups: smoking and tobacco abstinent group according to serum cotinine concentration.

Serum concentrations of sclerostin and bone turnover markers in children with cow's milk allergy.

The Aim: of this study was to assess concentrations of sclerostin and biochemical markers of bone metabolism in children with cow's milk allergy.

Material And Methods: The study included 45 children (age range 2-6 years) with diagnosed cow`s milk allergy, who were on a dairy-free diet and under systematic medical and dietary control at the Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw. The control group consisted of 40 healthy children (2-6 years), who did not have any symptoms of cow`s milk allergy nor any diseases influencing bone metabolism.

Bone turnover markers, osteoprotegerin and RANKL cytokines in children with cystic fibrosis.

Purpose: Some scientific studies show decreased bone mineral density and increased fracture frequency in adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The mechanism for early bone loss in CF patients are multifactorial: chronic pulmonary inflammation, malnutrition, reduced physical activity, delayed pubertal maturation. The aim of this study was to assess bone metabolism markers with special attention paid to osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) balance in CF children.

Tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy increases maternal blood lead levels affecting neonate birth weight.

To assess the effect of lead exposure from cigarette smoke on fetal growth, blood lead concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in 150 healthy pregnant women. Mean lead concentrations in plasma and whole blood were significantly higher in the smoking group compared with the nonsmoking group in each trimester of pregnancy (p < 0.001).

Alterations in markers of bone metabolism and adipokines following a 3-month lifestyle intervention induced weight loss in obese prepubertal children.

Background: Adipokines may influence bone metabolism in children, but this phenomenon is not well understood. Therefore, we studied the relationships between bone markers and adipokines during weight loss in obese children.

Materials And Methods: We determined serum leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R), adiponectin, BALP (bone alkaline phosphatase), CTX-I (C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen), body composition and bone mineral density (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) in 100 obese prepubertal children before and after 3 months of lifestyle intervention (low-energy diet, physical activity).

[Effect of cigarette smoking on blood lead levels in pregnant women].

Unlabelled: Tobacco smoking creates health problems which apply not only to individuals and the family but also to different ages and social groups, as well as the national economy. Epidemiologic studies conducted at the Institute of Mother and Child indicated that in Poland 25-30% women smoke during pregnancy. Lead exposure from cigarette smoke may have a negative effect on the transplacental flow of micronutrients and have an adverse influence on the growth and development of the fetus, and then on children.

[Assessment of selected bone metabolism marker concentrations in children with cystic fibrosis].

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess bone formation and resorption processes and bone metabolism regulators, such as osteoprotegerin and fetuin-A in children with cystic fibrosis.

Material And Methods: We examined 45 children with cystic fibrosis aged 5-13 years treated at the Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw. The control group consisted of 35 healthy children in the same synage range without any diseases which may influence bone metabolism.

The pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and insulin-like growth factor system in response to cigarette smoking.

Objective: Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with a reduction in birth size but the mechanism by which this occurs still remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of tobacco smoking on concentrations of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), II (IGF-II) and binding proteins BP-3 and BP-4 in pregnant women and correlations between these parameters.

Methods: Sixty healthy pregnant women were divided into smoking and tobacco-abstinent group according to results of serum cotinine concentration.

[Effects of elimination diets on bone metabolism in children and adolescents with phenylketonuria, galactosemia and celiac disease].

Phenylketonuria, galactosemia and celiac disease are disorders in which elimination diets are the only known therapy, which reverses many clinical manifestations of acute phase in the patients. Unfortunately, most of them develop long-term complications, including bone turnover impairment and low bone mineral density. These disturbances are not only observed in adulthood but also in childhood and adolescence.

Serum concentration of adipocytokines in prepubertal vegetarian and omnivorous children.

Unlabelled: THE AIM of our study was to investigate associations between serum adipocytokines status and anthropometric parameters as well as total energy and macronutrient intake in vegetarian, normal-weight omnivorous and obese omnivorous children.

Material And Methods: We examined 90 healthy prepubertal children aged 4-10 years who had been referred to the Department of Nutrition at the Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw for dietary consultation. Patients with endocrine disorders or genetic syndromes, as well as those who were taking medications that could affect growth, pubertal development or nutritional status were excluded.

The effect of vegetarian diet on selected essential nutrients in children.

Introduction: Vegetarian diets are considered to promote health and reduce the risk of some chronic diseases. It is also known that restriction or exclusion of animal foods may result in low intake of essential nutrients. The aim of the presented study was to assess the intake and serum status of vitamin B12, folate, vitamins A, E and D, as well as concentrations of homocysteine, total antioxidant status and iron balance in Polish vegetarian children.

Changes in concentration of serum adiponectin multimeric forms following weight reduction programme in prepubertal obese children.

Introduction: It is widely recognized that lifestyle intervention with modification of dietary habits and physical activity is effective in weight reduction and may improve the biochemical parameters in obese children and adolescents. However, the levels of adiponectin multimeric complexes during lifestyle intervention have not been extensively studied in obese children.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the 3-months weight-reduction programme on serum adiponectin multimeric complexes in obese prepubertal children.

[Effect of weight reduction programme on C-peptide concentration and lipid profile in obese children aged 4 to 10 years].

Introduction: Early childhood obesity may play an important role in development of the metabolic syndrome characterized by abnormalities in several major cardiovascular risk factors. Only a few studies demonstrate that weight reduction leads to an improvement of the atherogenic risk-factor profile in prepubertal children.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of C-peptide and selected parameters of lipid profile in prepubertal obese children before and after weight reduction therapy.

Pro-hepcidin concentration in serum of women in uncomplicated pregnancy, pregnancy complicated by premature rupture of membranes and in pregnancy induced hypertension.

Unlabelled: Pro-hepcidin, mainly synthesized in hepatocytes is the pro-hormone of hepcidin which demonstrates antimicrobial activity and is the body's main regulator of iron homeostasis.

The Aim: The estimation of serum pro-hepcidin concentrations in uncomplicated pregnancy and complicated by premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH).

Material And Methods: The studies were performed in 24 women in pregnancy complicated by premature rupture of membranes, 31 women in pregnancy with induced hypertension and 35 healthy women in corresponding weeks of gestation (third trimester).

The effect of tobacco smoking during pregnancy on plasma oxidant and antioxidant status in mother and newborn.

Objective: The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of tobacco smoking during pregnancy on oxidative damage and antioxidant defence in matched samples of maternal blood and cord blood.

Study Design: Healthy, pregnant women (n=140) were divided into non-smoking and smoking groups according to the concentration of cotinine in serum and urine. Oxidative damage was measured through levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and plasma antioxidant status was evaluated by measuring concentrations of total radical trapping parameters (TRAP) and selected antioxidants (β-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin E, uric acid).

The influence of vegan diet on bone mineral density and biochemical bone turnover markers.

Introduction: Vegetarian diets can be healthy when they are well balanced and if a variety of foods is consumed. However, elimination of animal products from the diet (vegan diets) decreases the intake of some essential nutrients and may influence the bone metabolism. This is especially important in childhood and adolescence, when growth and bone turnover are most intensive.

Clinical utility of biochemical bone turnover markers in children and adolescents with osteosarcoma.

Purpose: Biochemical markers of bone turnover reflecting the intensity of all bone remodeling processes in skeleton are important for fast and non-invasive assessment of bone formation and resorption processes. They can be used in terms of both physiological and pathological states. The aim of this study was to investigate if bone metabolism markers can be clinically useful for monitoring of treatment in children and adolescents with osteosarcoma.

[Influence of vegetarian diet on serum values of homocysteine and total antioxidant status in children].

Unlabelled: The vegetarian diet may play a preventive role in the development of chronic diseases such as coronary heart and cardiovascular disease. However increase of homocysteine (Hcy) concentration in peoples avoiding animal products may contribute to an increased atherosclerotic risk in these subjects. Recent evidence has suggested that role of hyperhomocysteinemia in atherogenesis is associated with process of autooxidation, which can promote the production of hydroxyl radicals, resulting in oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein and endothelium injury.

[A comparison of serum concentrations of biochemical bone turnover markers in patients with osteosarcoma with good and poor prognosis].

Unlabelled: Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor, whose peak incidence occurs in the second decade of life during the adolescent growth spurt. Complex oncological treatment consisted of chemotherapy combined with surgery which substantially increased the cure rate of patients with osteosarcoma, but it is very important to identify patients with poor prognosis and to treat them with more aggressive therapy.

The Aim Of This Study: To assess serum biochemical bone turnover markers as prognostic indicators in patients with osteosarcoma.

[Evaluation of iron balance in healthy pregnant women and their newborns].

Aim Of The Study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the iron status markers in normal healthy pregnancy as well as the influence of maternal diet on iron concentration in their newborns.

Material And Methods: A longitudinal prospective study was conducted in a sample of 69 healthy non-smoking pregnant women under prenatal care of The Institute of Mother and Child. Blood samples were collected in the first, second and third trimesters and from the umbilical vein.

Can leptin and soluble leptin receptor concentrations be used in assessing the efficacy of weight reduction programme in prepubertal obese children? Preliminary report.

Introduction: Children's simple obesity and its adverse health effects need efficient dietary treatment and physical activity recommendations. Anthropometric parameters may not identify all positive changes associated with lifestyle modifications.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate if leptin and soluble leptin receptor concentration can be clinically useful markers for the monitoring of therapy efficacy in prepubertal obese children.

[The influence of tobacco smoking on concentration of the pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) in pregnant women].

This article presents a review of scientific literature concerning adverse effect of tobacco smoking on concentration of the pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) in pregnant women. PAPP-A is produced in great amounts during pregnancy by the syncytiotrofoblast, but can be also detected in a variety of cell types such as fibroblasts, osteoblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). We describe the structure of PAPP-A and its function as an insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) protease with a focus on data obtained in tobacco smoking pregnant women.

[The effect of tobacco smoking on serum concentration of IGF-I and its binding proteins IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-4 in pregnant women].

However smoking during pregnancy has been show to result in growth restriction of the fetus but the mechanism by which this occurs has not been adequately clarified. Insulinlike growth factor (IGF) and its insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) are the main mediators of intrauterine fetal growth. The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of tobacco smoking on serum concentrations of IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-4 in pregnant women.

[The effect of tobacco smoking during pregnancy on birth mass on the basis of population studies--preliminary results].

It is commonly known, that tobacco smoking during pregnancy has negative influence on child birth mass. Also in polish population neonates of smoking mothers are frequently born with lower body mass and are smaller. Purpose of this study was to estimate the percentage of women smoking during pregnancy and its relation to body mass of newborns.