Comparative analysis of acute eccentric contraction-induced changes to the skeletal muscle transcriptome in young and aged mice and humans.

Adaptations to skeletal muscle following resistance exercise are due in part to changes to the skeletal muscle transcriptome. Although transcriptional changes in response to resistance exercise occur in young and aged muscles, aging alters this response. Rodent models have served great utility in defining regulatory factors that underscore the influence of mechanical load and aging on changes to skeletal muscle phenotype.

Contractile regulation of the glucocorticoid-sensitive transcriptome in young and aged skeletal muscle.

Elevated glucocorticoids alter the skeletal muscle transcriptome to induce a myopathy characterized by muscle atrophy, muscle weakness, and decreased metabolic function. These effects are more likely to occur and be more severe in aged muscles. Resistance exercise can blunt the development of glucocorticoid myopathy in young muscle, but the potential to oppose the signals initiating myopathy in aged muscle is unknown.

Short-term aerobic exercise prevents development of glucocorticoid myopathic features in aged skeletal muscle in a sex-dependent manner.

Older adults are vulnerable to glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy and weakness, with sex potentially influencing their susceptibility to those effects. Aerobic exercise can reduce glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy in young rodents. However, it is unknown whether aerobic exercise can prevent glucocorticoid myopathy in aged muscle.

Technology Selection for Inline Topography Measurement with Rover-Borne Laser Spectrometers.

This work studies enhancing the capabilities of compact laser spectroscopes integrated into space-exploration rovers by adding 3D topography measurement techniques. Laser spectroscopy enables the in situ analysis of sample composition, aiding in the understanding of the geological history of extraterrestrial bodies. To complement spectroscopic data, the inclusion of 3D imaging is proposed to provide unprecedented contextual information.

Effects of chronic alcohol intoxication on aerobic exercise-induced adaptations in female mice.

Chronic alcohol intoxication decreases muscle strength/function and causes mitochondrial dysfunction. Aerobic exercise training improves mitochondrial oxidative capacity and increases muscle mass and strength. Presently, the impact of chronic alcohol on aerobic exercise-induced adaptations was investigated.

The mechanosensitive gene regulates myotube diameter with direct implications for disuse atrophy with aging.

Arrestin domain containing 2 and 3 () are genes whose mRNA contents are decreased in young skeletal muscle following mechanical overload. is linked to the regulation of signaling pathways in nonmuscle cells that could influence skeletal muscle size. Despite a similar amino acid sequence, function remains undefined.

SIRT1 induction in the skeletal muscle of male mice partially attenuates changes to whole-body metabolism in response to androgen deprivation.

In males, androgens regulate whole body metabolism. The components in androgen target organs contributing to whole-body metabolic function remain ill defined. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) protein levels are lower in the limb muscle of male mice subjected to androgen deprivation.

SIRT1 induction in the skeletal muscle of male mice partially preserves limb muscle mass but not contractile force in response to androgen deprivation.

In males, the factors that decrease limb muscle mass and strength in response to androgen deprivation are largely unknown. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) protein levels are lower in the limb muscle of male mice subjected to androgen deprivation. The present study aimed to assess whether SIRT1 induction preserved limb muscle mass and force production in response to androgen deprivation.

The influence of nutrients on mechanical overload-induced changes to skeletal muscle mRNA content.

Mechanical overload and nutrients influence skeletal muscle phenotype, with the combination sometimes having a synergistic effect. Muscle phenotypes influenced by these stimuli are mediated in part by changes to the muscle mRNA signature. However, the mechanical overload-sensitive gene programs that are influenced by nutrients remain unclear.

Aerobic exercise-mediated changes in the expression of glucocorticoid responsive genes in skeletal muscle differ across the day.

Glucocorticoids are released in response to acute aerobic exercise. The objective was to define changes in the expression of glucocorticoid target genes in skeletal muscle in response to acute aerobic exercise at different times of day. We identified glucocorticoid target genes altered in skeletal muscle by acute exercise by comparing data sets from rodents subjected to acute aerobic exercise in the light or dark cycles to data sets from C2C12 myotubes treated with glucocorticoids.

Analysis of the temperature- and fluence-dependent magnetic stress in laser-excited SrRuO.

We use ultrafast x-ray diffraction to investigate the effect of expansive phononic and contractive magnetic stress driving the picosecond strain response of a metallic perovskite SrRuO thin film upon femtosecond laser excitation. We exemplify how the anisotropic bulk equilibrium thermal expansion can be used to predict the response of the thin film to ultrafast deposition of energy. It is key to consider that the laterally homogeneous laser excitation changes the strain response compared to the near-equilibrium thermal expansion because the balanced in-plane stresses suppress the Poisson stress on the picosecond timescale.

An optimized TEM specimen preparation method of quantum nanostructures.

Electron transparent TEM lamella with unaltered microstructure and chemistry is the prerequisite for successful TEM explorations. Currently, TEM specimen preparation of quantum nanostructures, such as quantum dots (QDs), remains a challenge. In this work, we optimize the sample-preparation routine for achieving high-quality TEM specimens consisting of SrRuO (SRO) QDs grown on SrTiO (STO) substrates.

Magnetic Properties of Epitaxially Grown SrRuO Nanodots.

We present the fabrication and exploration of arrays of nanodots of SrRuO with dot sizes between 500 and 15 nm. Down to the smallest dot size explored, the samples were found to be magnetic with a maximum Curie temperature T achieved by dots of 30 nm diameter. This peak in T is associated with a dot-size-induced relief of the epitaxial strain, as evidenced by scanning transmission electron microscopy.

Potential energy-driven spin manipulation via a controllable hydrogen ligand.

Spin-bearing molecules can be stabilized on surfaces and in junctions with desirable properties, such as a net spin that can be adjusted by external stimuli. Using scanning probes, initial and final spin states can be deduced from topographic or spectroscopic data, but how the system transitions between these states is largely unknown. We address this question by manipulating the total spin of magnetic cobalt hydride complexes on a corrugated boron nitride surface with a hydrogen-functionalized scanning probe tip by simultaneously tracking force and conductance.

Quantum engineering of spin and anisotropy in magnetic molecular junctions.

Single molecule magnets and single spin centres can be individually addressed when coupled to contacts forming an electrical junction. To control and engineer the magnetism of quantum devices, it is necessary to quantify how the structural and chemical environment of the junction affects the spin centre. Metrics such as coordination number or symmetry provide a simple method to quantify the local environment, but neglect the many-body interactions of an impurity spin coupled to contacts.

[Effect of the I(f) channel blocker ivabradine on the parameters of external respiration function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in its stable course period].

Aim: To evaluate the effect of the I(f) channel blocker ivabradine on bronchial patency and the volume parameters of external respiration function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in remission in order to determine whether the drug may be used in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) concurrent with COPD.

Subjects And Methods: Heart rate, bronchial patency, and lung volume were studied by body plethysmography in 59 patients with COPD before and 14 days after administration of ivabradine in a daily dose of 10 mg.

Results: The I(f) channel blocker ivabradine that is a highly selective bradycardiac agent fails to affect the velocity and volume parameters of external respiration function, thus it may be used to treat CHD concurrent with COPD.

[Effects of systemic glucocorticoid hormones on functional indices of the respiratory system in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during acute phase].

Aim: To evaluate influence of the treatment with systemic glucocorticoid hormones (SGH) during acute exacerbation of moderate and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on parameters of respiratory function.

Material And Methods: A total of 66 patients with severe COPD were included in the study. Airway resistance and lung volumes were measured with plethysmography, lung diffusion capacity - with a single breath method (TLCO SB) and saturation of blood with oxygen was measured with a method of pulseoximetry at admission of patients to a hospital and on day 14 of SGH treatment.

[Prevalence of post-tuberculous changes in the bronchopulmonary system in the patients with chronic bronchitis].

The prevalence of chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases was studied in 1880 industrial workers from Russia. The diseases were reported in 26.5% of the examinees.

[Status of hemodynamics and its response to exercise in patients with acute pneumonia].

The patients with croupous and focal pneumonia were examined for the response of systemic hemodynamics (HR, SV, MV, BP, PR) to bicycle ergometry in the acute disease period (after temperature normalization, before discharge from hospital and in 6 months following the clinical recovery). Appreciable disorders of the adaptation mechanisms have been demonstrated. They were especially remarkable in the patients with croupous pneumonia and persisted even after 6 months following the patients' discharged from hospital.

[Assessment of the pulmonary blood flow changes in thromboembolism of small branches of the pulmonary artery].

Patients with thromboembolism of small branches of the pulmonary artery (TESPA) were examined by rheopulmonography (RPG) for the pulmonary blood flow over the zones of thromboembolism and uninvolved parts of the lungs. The study was performed at the initial disease stage, on days 3-7 of the disease and before the patient's discharge from hospital. It was shown that pulmonary circulation undergoes some successive changes.

[Clinico-functional characteristics of idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis (Hamman-Rich syndrome)].

The clinical and functional features of idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis (IFA) were analyzed in 31 patients. In 24 patients, the diagnosis was confirmed by histological study of the pulmonary tissue obtained by means of open lung biopsy or at autopsy. Progressive dyspnea was the earliest clinical symptom of IFA.