Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin in Japanese quails and common pheasants.

The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin was studied in Japanese quails and common pheasants. Healthy mature birds from both species and both genders were treated intravenously and orally with enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg) and marbofloxacin (5 mg/kg). After intravenous administration enrofloxacin was extensively metabolised to ciprofloxacin.

Comparison of plasma and tissue disposition of enrofloxacin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) after a single oral administration.

The aim of the study was to investigate the serum and tissue disposition of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) after a single oral administration at a dose of 10 mg kg(-1). Concentrations of enrofloxacin in the serum of rainbow trout showed high variability with two peaks at the third and 24th hour after administration. The highest concentrations were found in the liver.

Comparative pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin in common pheasants, guinea fowls and Japanese quails after intravenous and oral administration.

1. The pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin was investigated in common pheasants, guinea fowls and Japanese quails after intravenous (i.v.

Comparative pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, and marbofloxacin after intravenous and oral administration in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).

A population approach was used to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of 3 fluoroquinolones administered to Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Healthy adult quail (n = 50) were divided into 3 groups, each administered a separate intravenous and oral dose of the compounded drug: enrofloxacin at 10 mg/kg (n = 18; 9 male, 9 female), danofloxacin at 10 mg/kg (n = 12; 6 male, 6 female), and marbofloxacin at 5 mg/kg (n = 20; 10 male, 10 female). A fourth group was used as a control (n = 5).

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic indices of enrofloxacin in Escherichia coli O78/H12 infected chickens.

Aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of quercetin and enrofloxacin with/without quercetin on elimination of pathogen Escherichia coli O78/H12 in infected chickens. Effect of quercetin on disposition of enrofloxacin was investigated and Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic indices were calculated. Enrofloxacin was absorbed after oral administration in infected animals but with large inter-individual variations.

Expression of MDR1, MRP2 and BCRP mRNA in tissues of turkeys.

MDR1, MRP2 and BCRP are members of the superfamily of ABC membrane transporters that export a large variety of structurally diverse substances out of the cell, hence being an integral part of various biological barriers. Here we report for the first time the tissue distribution of these ABC efflux transporters in the gastrointestinal tract (crop, proventriculus, duodenum, proximal and distal jejunum, ileum, caecum, colon) as well as in liver, kidney, lung, brain, adrenal gland, ovaries, oviduct and testes in BUT9 turkeys. MDR1 and BCRP mRNA expression was detected in all tissue samples, and the highest levels were measured in the small intestines.

Pharmacokinetics of tobramycin in ducks and sex-related differences.

The aims of the present study were to determine the disposition of tobramycin after single intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) injections in ducks, and to establish any sex-related differences. Tobramycin sulfate was administered as a 2.5% water solution in a cross-over design at a dose of 5mg/kg to 12 healthy ducks (six males and six females).

Pharmacokinetic studies on tobramycin in horses.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of tobramycin in plasma and urine in the horse (n = 7) after intravenous administration of a dose of 4 mg/kg b.w. Plasma tobramycin concentrations were assayed microbiologically and by means of HPLC analyses.

Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in turkeys.

The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (EFL) and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin (CIP) was investigated in 7-8 month old turkeys (6 birds per sex). EFL was administered intravenously (i.v.

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of danofloxacin in turkeys.

Colibacillosis is a systemic disease responsible for important economic losses in poultry breeding; fluoroquinolones, including danofloxacin, are used to treat diseased animals. The purpose of the present study was to estimate pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) surrogates for bacteriostasis, bactericidal activity and bacterial elimination against Escherichia coli O78/K80, using a PK-PD approach, for danofloxacin in turkeys after oral administration. Eight healthy turkeys, breed BUT 9, were included in a two-way crossover study.

Integration of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic indices of marbofloxacin in turkeys.

Fluoroquinolones are extensively used in the treatment of systemic bacterial infections in poultry, including systemic Escherichia coli bacillosis, which is a common disease in turkey flocks. Marbofloxacin has been licensed for use in various mammalian species, but not as yet for turkeys, although its kinetic properties distinguish it from other fluoroquinolones. For example, the longer half-life of marbofloxacin in many animal species has been appreciated in veterinary practice.

Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in male and female turkeys following intravenous and oral administration.

The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (EFL) was investigated in turkeys (6 male and 6 female; 7-month-old at the start of the experiment), after intravenous and oral administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. The serum concentrations of EFL and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin (CFL) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The serum concentrations vs time were analysed by a compartmental analysis.

Pharmacokinetics of amikacin in lactating sheep.

The pharmacokinetics of amikacin (AMK) were investigated after intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.

Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in lactating sheep.

The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (ENR) was investigated after its intravenous (iv) and intramuscular (im) administration in six healthy lactating sheep. After iv ENR injection (as a bolus), the elimination half-life (t(1/2beta)), the volume of distribution (Vd(area)), and the area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) were 3.

Pharmacokinetics of oleandomycin in dogs after intravenous or oral administration alone and after pretreatment with metamizole or dexamethasone.

The pharmacokinetics of oleandomycin (OLD) after intravenous and oral administration, both alone and after intramuscular pretreatment with metamizole or dexamethasone, were studied in healthy dogs. After intravenous injection of OLD alone (10 mg/kg as bolus), the elimination half-life (t 1/2 beta, volume of distribution (Vd,area), body clearance (ClB) and area under the concentration time curve (AUC) were 1.60 h, 1.

Interspecies comparisons of plasma half-life of trimethoprim in relation to body mass.

The relationship between body mass and plasma half-life of trimethoprim was studied in 10 different species of animals and man using published data. Log half-life was positively and significantly correlated to log body mass based on individual measurements in herbivorous animals (n = 23, P < 0.01), in herbivorous animals+pigs (n = 29, P < 0.

Species specific pharmacokinetics of rolitetracycline.

Comparative studies on some selected pharmacokinetic parameters of rolitetracycline (effective antimicrobial activity levels) in sheep, pigs, rabbits, chickens and pigeons were carried out after intravenous administration of the drug at a dose of 5 mg/kg. The results revealed that a two-compartment open model was usually optimal. Interspecies differences in the rate (alpha) and the volume of distribution (Vda), the area under the serum concentration time curve (AUC) and the total body clearance (ClB) were small.

Pharmacokinetics of sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim administered intravenously and orally to Japanese quails.

The pharmacokinetic behaviour of sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim was studied after combined intravenous (i.v.) administration at doses of 20 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg, respectively, and after oral administration at doses of 50 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg.