Deciphering the mechanisms of action underlying probiotic properties of Shouchella clausii by a functional genomics approach.

Probiotics are widely used for their health promoting effects, though a lot remain to be discovered, particularly on their mechanisms of action at the molecular level. The functional genomic approach is an appropriate method to decipher how probiotics may influence human cell fate and therefore contribute to their health benefit. In the present work, we focused on Shouchella clausii (formerly named Bacillus then Alkalihalobacillus clausii), a spore-forming bacterium that is commercially available as a probiotic for the prevention and the treatment of intestinal dysbiosis and related gastrointestinal disorders, such as diarrhoea.

Involvement of toll-like receptor 5 in mouse model of colonic hypersensitivity induced by neonatal maternal separation.

Background: Chronic abdominal pain is the most common cause for gastroenterology consultation and is frequently associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders including irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. These disorders present similar brain/gut/microbiota trialogue alterations, associated with abnormal intestinal permeability, intestinal dysbiosis and colonic hypersensitivity (CHS). Intestinal dysbiosis can alter colon homeostasis leading to abnormal activation of the innate immunity that promotes CHS, perhaps involving the toll-like receptors (TLRs), which play a central role in innate immunity.

upregulates genes involved in maintaining the intestinal barrier function via ADP-heptose-dependent activation of the ALPK1/TIFA pathway.

The commensal bacteria that make up the gut microbiota impact the health of their host on multiple levels. In particular, the interactions taking place between the microbe-associated molecule patterns (MAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), expressed by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), are crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. While numerous studies showed that TLRs and NLRs are involved in the control of gut homeostasis by commensal bacteria, the role of additional innate immune receptors remains unclear.

Toll-like receptor 5 knock-out mice exhibit a specific low level of anxiety.

While toll-like receptors (TLRs), which mediate innate immunity, are known to play an important role in host defense, recent work suggest their involvement in some integrated behaviors, including anxiety, depressive and cognitive functions. Here, we investigated the potential involvement of the flagellin receptor, TLR5, in anxiety, depression and cognitive behaviors using male TLR5 knock-out (KO) mice. We aobserved a specific low level of basal anxiety in TLR5 KO mice with an alteration of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis (HPA) response to acute restraint stress, illustrated by a decrease of both plasma corticosterone level and c-fos expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus where TLR5 was expressed, compared to WT littermates.

Fecal dysbiosis associated with colonic hypersensitivity and behavioral alterations in chronically Blastocystis-infected rats.

Background: Infectious gastroenteritis is a risk factor for the development of post-infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome (PI-IBS). Recent clinical studies reported a higher prevalence of the intestinal parasite Blastocystis in IBS patients. Using a rat model, we investigated the possible association between Blastocystis infection, colonic hypersensitivity (CHS), behavioral disturbances and gut microbiota changes.

c-Jun/p38MAPK/ASIC3 pathways specifically activated by nerve growth factor through TrkA are crucial for mechanical allodynia development.

Mechanical allodynia is a cardinal sign of several inflammatory pain disorders where nerve growth factor, a prototypic neurotrophin, plays a crucial role by binding to TrkA receptors. Here, we took the advantage of our generated knock-in mouse model expressing a chimeric TrkA/TrkC receptor that seems to not specifically develop mechanical allodynia after inflammation, to identify the TrkA downstream pathways involved in this phenomenon. We confirmed and extended that disrupting TrkA-specific pathways leads to a specific deficit in mechanical hypersensitivity development after somatic (systemic nerve growth factor administration and paw incision) and, to a lesser extent, visceral injuries.

Blocking αδ-1 Subunit Reduces Bladder Hypersensitivity and Inflammation in a Cystitis Mouse Model by Decreasing NF-kB Pathway Activation.

Bladder pain is frequently associated with bladder inflammation, as in conditions like interstitial cystitis (IC), for which current analgesic therapies have limited efficacy. The antinociceptive effect of alpha-2-delta (αδ) ligands on inflammation-associated visceral pain like that experienced in cystitis has been poorly investigated. To investigate the effect of pregabalin (PGB), an αδ ligand, we evaluated its impact on mechanical hyperalgesia in a mouse model of cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide (CYP).

Adherent-Invasive E. coli enhances colonic hypersensitivity and P2X receptors expression during post-infectious period.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are related gastrointestinal disorders characterized by abdominal pain associated with colonic hypersensitivity (CHS). Studies in humans have reported an abnormal colonization of Adherent-Invasive E. coli (AIEC) in the ileum of Crohn's disease (CD) patients associated with overexpression of the bacterial colonizing receptor CEACAM6.

Comparative effects of α2δ-1 ligands in mouse models of colonic hypersensitivity.

Aim: To investigate anti-hypersensitive effects of α2δ-1 ligands in non-inflammatory and inflammation-associated colonic hypersensitivity (CHS) mouse models.

Methods: To induce an inflammation-associated CHS, 1% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was administered to C57Bl/6J male mice, in drinking water, for 14 d. Regarding the non-inflammatory neonatal maternal separation (NMS) -induced CHS model, wild-type C57BI/6J pups were isolated from their mother from day 2 to day 14 (P2 to P14), three hours per day (from 9:00 a.

Anti-nociceptive effect of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in non-inflammatory IBS-like models.

Visceral pain and intestinal dysbiosis are associated with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), a common functional gastrointestinal disorder without available efficient therapies. In this study, a decrease of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii presence has been observed in an IBS-like rodent model induced by a neonatal maternal separation (NMS) stress. Moreover, it was investigated whether F.