[Hormonal contraception methods and multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease that is diagnosed in women twice as often as in men, especially in groups of family cases and at the age of up to 35 years. Among patients diagnosed with MS, there are many young and middle-aged women who are planning a pregnancy in the future and want to protect themselves from unwanted pregnancy at the present time. Also, for patients with MS, the importance of reducing the frequency of abortions is obvious.

Comparative Chromatographic Analysis of Amino Acids in the Seeds of Three Nigella L. Representatives.

Amino acids are an important class of primary metabolites that can exhibit various pharmacological activities. In this study, the comparative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of free and total amino acids in the seeds of three representatives of the Nigella L. genus (Nigella arvensis L.

[A role of cerebrovascular diseases in the progression of multiple sclerosis].

Objective: To identify the association between cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) among patients over 50 years old in two independent populations of Moscow and Tyumen.

Material And Methods: The study included 94 patients with MS in combination with CVD (main group) and 90 age-and sex-matched patients with MS without a vascular history (comparison group). An analysis of parameters such as disease duration, EDSS at different time points, disease progression index, duration of first remission in each population separately and in both populations together was carried out.

[Multiple sclerosis and melanoma].

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, mainly in young people. The clinical picture of MS has a variety of neurological symptoms, which manifests itself during periods of exacerbation or progression and stabilizes at the moments of remission. The widespread introduction of new drugs with immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory mechanisms of action has led to the development of special risk management plans for monitoring patients during therapy and preventing adverse events and new comorbid conditions.

[The development of multiple sclerosis over the age of 50].

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common neurological disease among young people of working age, which tends to increase the number of cases registered in the world and in the Russian Federation. However, with improved diagnostics and the emergence of new drugs that change the course of MS (disease-modifying therapy), people's life expectancy increases and the percentage of patients in the older age group increases as well. In this article, we consider the possibility of developing MS among people over 50 years of age, features of the course, diagnosis and treatment.

[Changes in venous circulation in patients with multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common neurological disease, especially among people of young working age, and the number of MS cases registered in the world and in the Russian Federation tends to increase. The pathogenesis of MS is based on the theory of damage to its own myelin sheath as a result of activation of autoreactive T cells, which also leads to damage to both oligodendrocytes and axons. In addition, the role of vascular factor in the pathogenesis of MS is discussed in the literature periodically and several areas of research of vascular dysfunction in patients are identified.

[Toxoplasmosis in the practice of a neurologist].

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic protozoal disease characterized by a chronic course, polymorphism of clinical manifestations, predominant damage to the central nervous system, organs of vision, liver and lungs. The causative agent of the disease is the obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which circulates widely in the external environment and has a large circle of intermediate hosts. Toxoplasmosis is classified by the method of infection (congenital or acquired), by pathogenesis (acute or chronic), by manifestation (latent or with the manifestation of symptoms).

[The alleged mechanisms of olfactory disorders in the new coronavirus infection].

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, which continues to the present. A change in the sense of smell, up to the complete disappearance of odors, is regarded as one of the early symptoms of the disease. Sometimes anosmia was the only sign of infection of the patient.

Survey of diagnostic and treatment practices for multiple sclerosis in Russian Federation in comparison to European data.

Introduction: The data of the survey of European (EU) neurologists on the methods of diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis in Europe were compared with the data of the similar survey of neurologists of the Russian Federation (RF).

Method: Seventy-five neurologists specialized in MS from RF completed questionnaires on radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS), clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing-remitting (RRMS), secondary progressive (SPMS), and primary progressive (PPMS) multiple sclerosis.

Results: In the case of RIS, only 46% of neurologists from the RF recommended CSF analysis for oligoclonal IgG and only 54.

Efficacy and Safety of Divaza for the Correction of Oxidative Disturbances in Patients with Cerebral Atherosclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if Divaza, a drug with nootropic and antioxidant effects, was safe and effective for the correction of oxidative disturbances and to stabilize cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral atherosclerosis.

Study Design: The study design consisted of a 12-week multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective trial in parallel groups.

Setting: The setting in which the study was conducted comprised 10 clinical centers across the Russian Federation.

[Comorbid pathology of the cardiovascular system in young patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis].

Aim: To study the state of the cardiovascular system and peripheral microcirculation in young patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS).

Material And Methods: The study included 45 MS patients (17 men and 28 women, age 28 [24; 32] years, disease duration 5.5 [2; 7] years).

[Comparative, placebo-controlled clinical study of efficacy and safety of glatiramer acetate 20 mg in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results of the first year of the study].

Unlabelled: The article presents the results of international multicenter randomized double-blind, active and placebo-controlled, comparative phase 3 trial. The goal of the study was to demonstrate non-inferiority of BCD-063 (glatiramer acetate, manufactured by JSC «BIOCAD», Russia) to copaxone-Teva (Teva Pharmaceutical Enterprise Co., Ltd.

[Experience of using interferon Β-1a biosimilans (cinnovex and genfaxon-44) in the Moscow Multiple Sclerosis Center].

Objective: To study the efficacy and tolerability of generics (interferon beta-1a biosimilans) cinnovex for intramascular introduction and genfaxon-44 for subcutaneous injections in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Material And Methods: One hundred patients were treated with cinnovex and 104 patients were treated with genfaxon-44 during one year. Patient's status was assessed using clinical approach, psychometric scales and MRI.

[The first experience of the use the Russian Β-interferon-1b biosimilar (infibeta) in the daily practice of the Moscow Center of Multiple Sclerosis].

We summarized the 1-year experience of using the Russian Β-interferon-1b biosimilar (infibeta) in 123 patients including 65 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RMS) and 58 patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). The significant decrease in the frequency of exacerbations per year was seen during the first year of treatment. We also noted the stabilization of the process of disability without the rise in EDSS scores in more than 50% of patients.

Association of SNPs of CD40 gene with multiple sclerosis in Russians.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a serious, incurable neurological disease. In 2009, the ANZgene studies detected the suggestive association of located upstream of CD40 gene in chromosome 20q13 (p = 1.3×10(-7)).

[The first results of a combined all-Russian study on clinical genetics of multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis is a classic multifactorial disease in which etiology interaction of external factors and structural features of a large number of genes plays an important role. Identifying risk factors for multiple sclerosis and creating an integrated model of pathogenesis are urgent tasks of neurology. Revealing true risk factors is possible only in studies with sufficient statistical power, so with a large amount of samples.

[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis: open questions of differential diagnosis demonstrated by the example of a clinical case].

Clinical features and MRI-characteristics of two demyelinating diseases: acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are discussed. Despite the seeming obviousness of differential-diagnostic criteria, the individual course of disease can, in some cases, accomplishes the differential diagnosis specifically in cases of recurrent (monophasic) ADEM and the first episode of acute demyelination, resembling ADEM, in MS. A clinical case of MS with acute manifestation resembling ADEM is described.

[The comparative study of efficacy and tolerability of intramuscular introduction of beta-interferon-1a in adults and adolescents with remitting multiple sclerosis].

The experience of the treatment of patients with remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) with intramuscular introduction of beta-interferon-1a (avonex) is presented. Seventeen children and adolescents, aged from 11 to 18 years, and 55 adults, aged over 55 years, were treated for at least one-year period. Results revealed a significant reduction of exacerbations in both groups (from 1.

[Efficacy and tolerability of long-term using of glatimer acetate (copaxone): a 10 year-study in the Moscow Municipal Multiple Sclerosis center].

Experience of 10-year administration of glatimer acetate (copaxone) in 74 patients with active remitting multiple sclerosis is summarized. The significant decrease in the frequency of exacerbations was seen over these ten years. Disease severity on the EDSS was stable and decreased only to the end of the 10-year period.

[Pharmacogenomics of multiple sclerosis: association of immune response genes polymorphism with copaxone treatment efficacy].

Complex association analysis of copaxone (glatiramer acetate) immunotherapy efficacy with allelic polymorphism in the number of immune response genes, which encode interferone beta (IFNB1), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFB1), interferone gamma (IFNG), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 (IFNAR1), CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), interleukin 7 receptor alpha subunit (IL7RA), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and HLA class II histocompatibility antigen beta chain (DRB1) was performed with APSampler algorithm for 285 multiple sclerosis patients of Russian ethnicity. The results show evidence for the contribution of polymorphic variants in CCRS, DRB1, IFNG, TGFB1, IFNAR1, IL7RA and, probably, TNF and CTLA4 genes to copaxone treatment response. Single alleles of CCR5 and DRB1 genes are reliably associated with treatment efficacy.

[Data of MRI and neuropsychological tests predict the course of typical remitting multiple sclerosis during five years].

A complex study of 50 patients with active typical remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) was carried out. Neuropsychological testing using Wechsler and Stroop tests and MRI of the brain with the morphometric analysis of focal and diffusive changes were used in the study. Patients were stratified into two subgroups by the changes in the performance of neuropsychological tests.

[Instrumental methods of the rehabilitation of motor disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis].

Motor and coordination disorders are the most prominent clinical presentations of multiple sclerosis. Currently, good results were achieved in the pathogenetic treatment of the disease. However methods of treatment of motor and coordination disorders are not widely used.

[The use of rebif in the Moscow Municipal Multiple Sclerosis Center].

We summarized the 3-year experience of using beta-interferon 1a (44 mcg, subcutaneously) in the form of the preparation rebif in 141 patients including 120 patients with active remitting multiple sclerosis (RMS) and 21 patients with secondary progressive MS (SPMS). All patients were examined every three months. The significant decrease in the frequency of exacerbations per year was seen already during the first year of treatment.

[The results of longitudinal use of copaxone and betaferon in Moscow Multiple Sclerosis Center: issues of efficacy and adherence to therapy].

In last decades, practical neurologists are able to use DMT in multiple sclerosis (MS) in every day practice. This paper presents data of 3-year study of DMT (copaxone and betaferon) treatment of 280 patients with definite diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), 166 patients regularly receiving DMT (104--copaxone and 62--betaferon) for, at least, 3 years. Clinical symptoms of the patients, reasons of treatment withdrawal (48--copaxone and 31--betaferon) and the features of MS course after the withdrawal are analyzed.