Loneliness is associated with adverse health behaviour and obesity: a Danish population-based study of 122,258 individuals.

Background: Loneliness is a public health concern associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Adverse health behaviours and a higher body mass index (BMI) have been proposed as key mechanisms influencing this association. The present study aims to examine the relationship between loneliness, adverse health behaviour and a higher BMI, including daily smoking, high alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary habits, and obesity in men and women and across different life stages.

Perceived stress across population segments characterized by differing stressor profiles-A latent class analysis.

Objective: We aimed to 1) identify distinct segments within the general population characterized by various combinations of stressors (stressor profiles) and to 2) examine the socio-demographic composition of these segments and their associations with perceived stress levels.

Methods: Segmentation was carried out by latent class analysis of nine self-reported stressors in a representative sample of Danish adults (N = 32,417) aged 16+ years. Perceived stress level was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).

Social disconnectedness, subsequent medical conditions, and, the role of pre-existing mental disorders: a population-based cohort study.

Aims: Individuals with diminished social connections are at higher risk of mental disorders, dementia, circulatory conditions and musculoskeletal conditions. However, evidence is limited by a disease-specific focus and no systematic examination of sex differences or the role of pre-existing mental disorders.

Methods: We conducted a cohort study using data on social disconnectedness (loneliness, social isolation, low social support and a composite measure) from the 2013 and 2017 Danish National Health Survey linked with register data on 11 broad categories of medical conditions through 2021.

Interaction between mental disorders and social disconnectedness on mortality: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Despite the recognised importance of mental disorders and social disconnectedness for mortality, few studies have examined their co-occurrence.

Aims: To examine the interaction between mental disorders and three distinct aspects of social disconnectedness on mortality, while taking into account sex, age and characteristics of the mental disorder.

Method: This cohort study included participants from the Danish National Health Survey in 2013 and 2017 who were followed until 2021.

Guidelines for evaluating and reporting social isolation and loneliness interventions.

Given the unpleasant nature of social isolation and loneliness (SIL) and their negative effects on health and wellbeing, interventions are needed. However, persistent issues in the design, evaluation, and reporting of SIL interventions preclude conclusive evidence and commentary on the effectiveness of SIL interventions. Here, we propose guidelines for evaluating SIL interventions, firstly by operationalising them into two categories: (1) interventions aiming to reduce SIL as a primary outcome and (2) interventions aiming to improve non-SIL outcomes in the lives of individuals experiencing SIL.

Social Disconnectedness in Individuals with Cardiovascular Disease: Associations with Health Literacy and Treatment Burden.

Background: Knowledge is limited on associations between social disconnectedness (i.e. loneliness and social isolation), health literacy and perceived treatment burden in individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes in people with a psychiatric disorder: What is the role of health behaviors and psychotropic medication?

Aims: Several psychiatric disorders are linked with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the mediating mechanisms are unclear. We aimed to investigate health behaviors, obesity, psychotropic medication use, and comorbidity as potential mediating mechanisms explaining these associations.

Methods: We combined data from a large population-based survey with register-based data and followed a sample of 250,013 Danes (≥16 years) for up to 8.

Reducing loneliness in the community. More Together ('Flere i Fællesskaber')-a complex intervention in Denmark.

The mounting evidence that loneliness is a determinant of poor health and well-being underpins the need for effective interventions and community action. 'More Together' (MoTo) is a large-scale, complex, multi-component and multi-level intervention for community change that addresses loneliness among young people and older adults in Silkeborg Municipality, Denmark. The intervention is inspired by the Collective Impact framework, and it is practice driven and rooted in an extensive cross-sector partnership.

Estimating the causal effects of work-related and non-work-related stressors on perceived stress level: A fixed effects approach using population-based panel data.

Objectives: Prolonged or excessive stress can have a negative impact on health and well-being, and stress therefore constitutes a major public health issue. A central question is what are the main sources of stress in contemporary societies? This study examines the effects of work-related and non-work-related stressors and perceived social support on perceived stress within a causal framework.

Methods: Panel data were drawn from two waves (2013 and 2017) of the population-based health survey "How are you?" conducted in the Central Denmark Region.

PROTOCOL: In-person interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness: An evidence and gap map.

This is the protocol for an evidence and gap map. The objectives are as follows: This EGM aims to map available evidence on the effects of in-person interventions to reduce social isolation and/or loneliness across all age groups in all settings.

Representativeness of survey participants in relation to mental disorders: a linkage between national registers and a population-representative survey.

Introduction: Surveys and registers have provided important insights into the mental health of the community. However, both sources have strengths and limitations. While participation in surveys has been shown to be lower among those with mental disorders, misclassification and limited information on confounders are typical issues for registers.

Agreement between survey- and register-based measures of depression in Denmark.

Background: Register-based studies of major depressive disorder (MDD) do not capture all prevalent cases, as untreated cases and diagnoses made by general practitioners are not recorded in the registers. We examined the prevalence and agreement of survey- and register-based measures of depression, and explored sociodemographic and health-related factors that may have influenced this agreement.

Methods: All 32,407 participants in the 2017 Central Denmark Region How are you? survey were linked to hospital and prescription records.

Loneliness, social isolation, and healthcare utilization in the general population.

Objectives: Due to increasing pressure on healthcare resources, knowledge of factors that affect healthcare utilization (HCU) is important. However, the evidence of a longitudinal association between loneliness and social isolation respectively, and HCU is limited. The present prospective cohort study investigated the association of loneliness and social isolation with HCU in the general population over time.

The longitudinal relation between loneliness and perceived stress: A structural equation modelling analysis of 10,159 individuals.

Aims: Prolonged loneliness and severe stress are increasingly recognised as public health concerns and considered risk factors for mental disorders, somatic illnesses and mortality. Loneliness and perceived stress also often co-occur; however, their longitudinal relation remains unclear. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study aiming to investigate the longitudinal relation between loneliness and perceived stress independently of cross-sectional associations and time effects.

Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes in Individuals With a Psychiatric Disorder: A Nationwide Register-Based Cohort Study.

Objective: Previous studies have investigated the incidence of type 2 diabetes in individuals with psychiatric disorders, but most studies have focused on a specific psychiatric disorder or a selected sample. More population-based studies are needed to determine these associations in representative samples. We therefore aimed to determine these associations in a nationwide, register-based dynamic cohort study.

Prevalence of type 2 diabetes in psychiatric disorders: an umbrella review with meta-analysis of 245 observational studies from 32 systematic reviews.

Aims/hypothesis: Estimates of the global prevalence of type 2 diabetes vary between 6% and 9%. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been investigated in psychiatric populations but a critical appraisal of the existing evidence is lacking, and an overview is needed. This umbrella review summarises existing systematic reviews of observational studies investigating the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in people with a psychiatric disorder.

Associations of loneliness and social isolation with physical and mental health among adolescents and young adults.

Aims: The present study investigates whether loneliness and social isolation are associated with poor physical and mental health among adolescents and young adults, and whether age and gender play a role in the associations of loneliness and social isolation with mental and physical health.

Methods: This study used cross-sectional self-report data from the 2017 Danish Health and Morbidity Surveys titled 'How are you?' ( = 19,890,  = 22.6 years).

Psychiatric disorders as risk factors for type 2 diabetes: An umbrella review of systematic reviews with and without meta-analyses.

Having a psychiatric disorder may increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes[T2D] and this umbrella review aims to determine whether people with a psychiatric disorder have an increased risk of developing T2D and to investigate potential underlying mechanisms. A literature search was performed to identify systematic reviews of longitudinal studies investigating different psychiatric disorders as risk factors for incident T2D in humans (≥18 years). A total of 8612 abstracts were identified, 180 full-text articles were read, and 25 systematic reviews were included.

The relative importance of work-related and non-work-related stressors and perceived social support on global perceived stress in a cross-sectional population-based sample.

Background: High levels of perceived stress have a negative bearing on health and well-being, and stress is a major public health issue. According to the Stress Process Model, stressors are socially patterned and combine to produce strain. Despite this, most studies on stress have focused on work-related stressors leaving non-work determinants under-investigated.

Low Health Literacy and Mortality in Individuals with Cardiovascular Disease, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Diabetes, and Mental Illness: A 6-Year Population-Based Follow-Up Study.

Background: The objective of the study was to examine the impact of health literacy on mortality in the general population and among individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes, and mental illness.

Methods: Data from a large Danish health survey ( = 29,473) from 2013 were linked with national mortality registry data to permit a 6-year follow-up.

Results: Individuals reporting difficulties in understanding information about health, had higher risk of dying during follow-up (hazard rate (HR) 1.

Loneliness, Social Isolation, and Chronic Disease Outcomes.

Background: Research suggests that loneliness and social isolation (SI) are serious public health concerns. However, our knowledge of the associations of loneliness and SI with specific chronic diseases is limited.

Purpose: The present prospective cohort study investigated (a) the longitudinal associations of loneliness and SI with four chronic diseases (cardiovascular disease [CVD], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], diabetes mellitus Type 2 [T2D], and cancer), (b) the synergistic association of loneliness and SI with chronic disease, and (c) baseline psychological and behavioral explanatory factors.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in people with psychiatric disorders: an umbrella review protocol.

Background: Many epidemiological studies have investigated the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in individuals with a psychiatric disorder. In an umbrella review, we aim to systematically summarize existing systematic reviews examining the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in people with a psychiatric disorder. When information is available in the identified systematic reviews, comparisons with control groups without a psychiatric disorder will be made.

Impact of low health literacy on healthcare utilization in individuals with cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes and mental disorders. A Danish population-based 4-year follow-up study.

Background: Previous research from the USA has shown that low health literacy is associated with higher hospitalization rates and higher rates of emergency service use. However, studies in a European context using more comprehensive health literacy definitions are lacking. The aim was to study the impact of low health literacy on healthcare utilization in a Danish context.