Expert ethos and the strength of networks: negotiations of credibility in mediated debate on COVID-19.

For public health promotion to succeed, popular support is necessary and the chosen policies and measures have to be perceived as legitimate by the public. In other words, health authorities need to build on and sustain established trust when they recommend a certain policy. When the policy is criticized, this trust is challenged, and the authorities enter into a negotiation of credibility (ethos).

Micro-structural investigations on oppositely charged mixed surfactant gels with potential dermal applications.

Dicarboxylic amino acid-based surfactants (N-dodecyl derivatives of -aminomalonate, -aspartate, and -glutamate) in combination with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB) form a variety of aggregates. Composition and concentration-dependent mixtures exhibit liquid crystal, gel, precipitate, and clear isotropic phases. Liquid crystalline patterns, formed by surfactant mixtures, were identified by polarizing optical microscopy.

A model-based source separation algorithm for lung perfusion imaging using electrical impedance tomography.

. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) for lung perfusion imaging is attracting considerable interest in intensive care, as it might open up entirely new ways to adjust ventilation therapy. A promising technique is bolus injection of a conductive indicator to the central venous catheter, which yields the indicator-based signal (IBS).

Urinary cytokines correlate with acute kidney injury in critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Background: Acute kidney injury is common in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU. Urinary biomarkers are a non-invasive way of assaying renal damage, and so far, urinary cytokines are not fully investigated. The current study aimed to assess urinary cytokine levels in COVID-19 patients.

[GFR estimation in children - age-adjusted creatinine makes the adult Lund-Malmö equation applicable in children and facilitates automatic GFR reporting from the clinical laboratory].

Age-adjustment of creatinine, i.e. recalculation of childhood levels of creatinine to corresponding levels at 18 years of age and applied in the adult revised Lund-Malmö GFR equation led to markedly improved accuracy in Swedish children (n=1 718) at measured GFR <75 mL/min/1.

The advanced machine learner XGBoost did not reduce prehospital trauma mistriage compared with logistic regression: a simulation study.

Background: Accurate prehospital trauma triage is crucial for identifying critically injured patients and determining the level of care. In the prehospital setting, time and data are often scarce, limiting the complexity of triage models. The aim of this study was to assess whether, compared with logistic regression, the advanced machine learner XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) is associated with reduced prehospital trauma mistriage.

Increased levels of the cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers GDF15 and myostatin in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Individuals suffering from cancer, including hematological malignancies, are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Elevated levels of several biomarkers in blood are associated with an increased risk of CVD. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a subset of such CVD risk biomarkers was elevated in patients with untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Nasal Lavage Fluid as a Biomedical Sample for Verification of Chlorine Exposure.

Chlorine is a toxic chemical that has been used as a chemical warfare agent in recent armed conflicts. There is an urgent need for methods to verify alleged uses of chlorine, and phospholipid chlorohydrins (PL-HOCl) derived from the pulmonary surfactant of exposed victims have previously been proposed as biomarkers of chlorine exposure. Here, we describe an improved protocol for the chemical analysis of these biomarkers and its applicability to biomedical samples from chlorine-exposed animals.

Executive Functions of Swedish Counterterror Intervention Unit Applicants and Police Officer Trainees Evaluated With Design Fluency Test.

Executive functions (EF) represent higher order top-down mechanisms regulating information processing. While suboptimal EF have been studied in various patient groups, their impact on successful behavior is still not well described. Previously, it has been suggested that design fluency (DF)-a test including several simultaneous EF components mainly related to fluency, cognitive flexibility, and creativity-predicts successful behavior in a quickly changing environment where fast and dynamic adaptions are required, such as ball sports.

Divergent clonal differentiation trajectories establish CD8 memory T cell heterogeneity during acute viral infections in humans.

The CD8 T cell response to an antigen is composed of many T cell clones with unique T cell receptors, together forming a heterogeneous repertoire of effector and memory cells. How individual T cell clones contribute to this heterogeneity throughout immune responses remains largely unknown. In this study, we longitudinally track human CD8 T cell clones expanding in response to yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccination at the single-cell level.

Facing an unexpected reality - oscillating between health and suffering 4-6 years after bariatric surgery.

Background: Obesity is a significant public health problem that is on the increase worldwide, and treatment with bariatric surgery is becoming more and more common. This type of surgery has proved to be good for weight reduction and for preventing complications, but few studies have investigated patients' long-term experiences of health and suffering.

Aim: To explore people's experiences of health after bariatric surgery.

The physical and mental impact of surviving sepsis - a qualitative study of experiences and perceptions among a Swedish sample.

Background: Sepsis is a critical illness with high morbidity and mortality rates. Each year, sepsis affects about 48.9 million people all over the world.

Adverse health manifestations in the hands of vibration exposed carpenters - a cross sectional study.

Background: Despite EU regulatory standards, many workers suffer injury as a result of working with hand-held vibrating tools. Our aim of this study was to confirm whether carpenters, a highly exposed group, suffer more injuries to their hands than painters, a group assumed to be less exposed to vibration.

Methods: 193 carpenters (participation rate 100%) and 72 painters (participation rate 67%), all men, answered a questionnaire and underwent a clinical examination to identify manifestations of neural and vascular origin in the hands.

Lung-protective ventilation increases cerebral metabolism and non-inflammatory brain injury in porcine experimental sepsis.

Background: Protective ventilation with lower tidal volumes reduces systemic and organ-specific inflammation. In sepsis-induced encephalopathy or acute brain injury the use of protective ventilation has not been widely investigated (experimentally or clinically). We hypothesized that protective ventilation would attenuate cerebral inflammation in a porcine endotoxemic sepsis model.

Dietary Supplementation with Selenium and Coenzyme Q Prevents Increase in Plasma D-Dimer While Lowering Cardiovascular Mortality in an Elderly Swedish Population.

A low intake of selenium is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. This could be reduced by supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q. D-dimer, a fragment of fibrin mirroring fibrinolysis, is a biomarker of thromboembolism, increased inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and is associated with cardiovascular mortality in ischemic heart disease.

Enabling modular dosage form concepts for individualized multidrug therapy: Expanding the design window for poorly water-soluble drugs.

Multidrug dosage forms (aka combination dosage forms, polypills, etc.) create value for patients through reduced pill burdens and simplified administration to improve adherence to therapy. Enhanced flexibility of multidrug dosage forms would provide further opportunities to better match emerging needs for individualized therapy.

Reflectance Microscopy on Polycrystalline Surfaces in Thermal Catalysis, Electrocatalysis, and Corrosion.

We have developed a microscope with a spatial resolution of 5 μm, which can be used to image the two-dimensional surface optical reflectance (2D-SOR) of polycrystalline samples in conditions. Within the field of surface science, tools that give information about the surface structure or chemistry of a sample under realistic experimental conditions have proven to be very valuable to understand the intrinsic reaction mechanisms in thermal catalysis, electrocatalysis, and corrosion science. To study heterogeneous surfaces , the experimental technique must both have spatial resolution and be able to probe through gas or electrolyte.

Physiological and inflammatory consequences of high and low respiratory rate in acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Using protective mechanical ventilation strategies with low tidal volume is usually accompanied by an increment of respiratory rate to maintain adequate alveolar ventilation. However, there is no robust data that support the safety of a high respiratory rate concerning ventilator-induced lung injury. Several experimental animal studies have explored the effects of respiratory rate over lung physiology, using a wide range of frequencies and different models.

PAM50 Intrinsic Subtype Profiles in Primary and Metastatic Breast Cancer Show a Significant Shift toward More Aggressive Subtypes with Prognostic Implications.

Background: PAM50 breast cancer intrinsic subtyping adds prognostic information in early breast cancer; however, the role in metastatic disease is unclear. We aimed to identify PAM50 subtypes in primary tumors (PTs) and metastases to outline subtype changes and their prognostic role.

Methods: RNA was isolated from PTs, lymph node metastases (LNMs), and distant metastases (DMs) in metastatic breast cancer patients ( = 140) included in a prospective study (NCT01322893).

Albumin Urinary Excretion Is Associated with Increased Levels of Urinary Chemokines, Cytokines, and Growth Factors Levels in Humans.

The aim of the present study was to study the associations between urine albumin excretion, and a large number of urinary chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors in a normal population. We selected 90 urine samples from individuals without CVD, diabetes, stroke or kidney disease belonging to the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors Study (41 males and 49 females, all aged 75 years). Urinary cytokine levels were analyzed with two multiplex assays (proximity extension assays) and the cytokine levels were correlated with urine albumin.

Addition of cystatin C predicts cardiovascular death better than creatinine in intensive care.

Objective: Decreased kidney function increases cardiovascular risk and predicts poor survival. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by creatinine may theoretically be less accurate in the critically ill. This observational study compares long-term cardiovascular mortality risk by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) creatinine equation; Caucasian, Asian, paediatric and adult cohort (CAPA) cystatin C equation and the CKD-EPI combined creatinine/cystatin C equation.

[Improve the quality of the inpatient psychiatric care].

Psychiatric care has changed dramatically from inpatient to outpatient care in the last decades. While a lot of resources have been spent on developing outpatient care, less interest has been invested in inpatient care, which has repeatedly been critisezed for being dominated by control, lack of collaboration between staff and patient and boredom. We suggest that there are three main functions of the psychiatric ward: the asylum function, the intensive care and the observational/diagnostic function.

Cystatin C predicts long term mortality better than creatinine in a nationwide study of intensive care patients.

Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is linked to poor survival. The predictive value of creatinine estimated GFR (eGFR) and cystatin C eGFR in critically ill patients may differ substantially, but has been less studied. This study compares long-term mortality risk prediction by eGFR using a creatinine equation (CKD-EPI), a cystatin C equation (CAPA) and a combined creatinine/cystatin C equation (CKD-EPI), in 22,488 patients treated in intensive care at three University Hospitals in Sweden, between 2004 and 2015.

Route Determination of Sulfur Mustard Using Nontargeted Chemical Attribution Signature Screening.

Route determination of sulfur mustard was accomplished through comprehensive nontargeted screening of chemical attribution signatures. Sulfur mustard samples prepared via 11 different synthetic routes were analyzed using gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. A large number of compounds were detected, and multivariate data analysis of the mass spectrometric results enabled the discovery of route-specific signature profiles.