Measurements of particulate matter within the framework of the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) I. First results.

Particulate matter (PM) monitoring presents a new challenge to the transboundary air pollution strategies in Europe. Evidence for the role of long-range transport of particulate matter and its significant association with a wide range of adverse health effects has urged for the inclusion of particulate matter within the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) framework. Here we review available data on PM physico-chemical characteristics within the EMEP framework.

Air pollution exposure monitoring and estimation. Part V. Traffic exposure in adults.

In Oslo, traffic has been one of the dominating sources of air pollution in the last decade. In one part of the city where most traffic collects, two tunnels were built. A series of before and after studies was carried out in connection with the tunnels in use.

Air pollution exposure monitoring and estimating. Part I. Integrated air quality monitoring system.

This paper presents an integrated exposure monitoring system, based on an expansion of existing air quality monitoring systems using dispersion modelling. The system allows: (1) identifying geographical areas whose inhabitants are most exposed to ambient pollution; (2) identifying how many people in an area are exposed to concentrations of pollution exceeding air quality guidelines; (3) describing the exposure of population subgroups (e.g.

Air pollution exposure monitoring and estimation VII. Estimation of population exposure in a central European airshed.

In order to clarify the local variation in exposure and source-receptor relationships, a dispersion model for estimating air pollution concentrations was developed for a polluted area in the Czech Republic. Three models characterized by different spatial resolution were integrated into one modelling tool. A regional-scale dispersion model accounted for pollution contribution from sources outside the modelling area.

A model for car exhaust exposure calculations to investigate health effects of air pollution.

This paper presents a model for car exhaust exposure calculations, which improves the air pollution exposure estimates necessary to study relationships between health and air pollution. The model enables calculation of hour-by-hour air pollution concentrations at receptor points in an area. Combined with a diary method, in which participants in the study give data on their movement in the area, the model enables personal air pollution exposure values to be calculated.

A double-blind study of the effect of trimipramine in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome.

The study was performed in 428 patients, of whom 216 were women. The median age was 36.5 (16-75) years and the median weight 67 (42-118) kg.

Psychopharmacologic drugs in the treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome. A double blind study of the effect of trimipramine.

In the present multicentre double blind study of 428 patients with the irritable bowel syndrome a significant beneficial effect was found on abdominal pain, nausea, sleeplessness and depression by using 50 mg of the antidepressive drug, trimipramine, in the evening, as well as 10 mg three times daily. A significant effect was also recorded for the total score of wellbeing during the treatment period of 6 weeks. No side effects were recorded except tiredness in the morning in some patients during the first two weeks.

The effect of trimipramine in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome. A double-blind study.

After organic disease had been excluded as far as possible by clinical examination, including laboratory tests, analysis of faeces, and X-ray examination or endoscopy of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract, 61 patients were given either 50 mg trimipramine at bedtime or identically looking coded placebo in a prospective study for 4 weeks. The complaints were graded on an analogue scale by both the patients and the physicians. The results showed that the complaint scores were significantly reduced to about half in the placebo group.

Normal and disturbed motility pattern in the duodenum of man. The effect of l-hyoscyamine, trimipramine and ranitidine on the maximal pressure waves.

Eight healthy subjects were examined in random order with an electronic capsule transducer, two capsules being mounted 8 cm from each other in the duodenum. At least two grade III maximal pressure waves were recorded following 0.6 mg l-hyoscyamine (Hässle), 50 mg trimipramine (Surmontil, Rhone Poulenc) or 150 mg ranitidine (Glaxo-Nyegaard & Co.